Table 3. Factor loading, and convergent validity of confirmatory factor analysis (N = 246).

Latent variables	Observational variables	λLoading	CR	AVE
Cultural awareness ability	Item 1	.65	.83	.43
	Item 2	.64
	Item 3	.78
	Item 4	.52
	Item 5	.65
	Item 6	.59
	Item 7	.70
Cultural action ability	Item 8	.51	.83	.46
	Item 9	.70
	Item 10	.73
	Item 11	.78
	Item 12	.61
	Item 13	.68
Cultural resources application ability	Item 14	.81	.82	.61
	Item 15	.79
	Item 16	.73
Self-learning cultural ability	Item 17	.70	.87	.69
	Item 18	.93
	Item 19	.85

Note. All factor loadings were statistically significant at the p < .001 level.

CR = construct reliability.

AVE = average variance extraction.

λ = standardized factor loading