Fig. 1.

Dialect training is governed by multiple brain regions revealed by UAS-shi^ts. a Standard experimental design using UAS-shibire (UAS-shi^ts) in conjunction with various GAL4 drivers. Dialect learning/training is performed at either the permissive (22 °C) or restrictive (30 °C) temperature, while the wasp exposure and social learning period is performed exclusively at the permissive temperature. b Schematic of the UAS-shi^ts expression in neurons, where the restrictive temperature turns off the neurons of interest and the permissive temperature does not affect these neurons. c Percentage of eggs laid by exposed flies normalized to eggs laid by unexposed flies is shown. UAS-shi^ts outcrossed to Canton S trained by D. ananassae at either the permissive temperature c or the restrictive temperature d show wild-type dialect acquisition in both the naive and trained states. Blue lines indicate permissive temperature, while red lines indicate restrictive temperature. Trained and untrained states are labeled. Plots are standard Tukey Box Plots, where the bounds of the shaded box represent the first and third quartile; whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum data point within 1.5 times the interquartile range. Mean is denoted with an ‘X’. Data used to generate the plots have been superimposed on the graph as open circles (n = 12 biologically independent experiments) (*p < 0.05, a → p < 0.05 comparing trained and untrained students within a given temperature when both restrictive and permissive temperatures are tested)