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. 2019 Aug 13;9:11721. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48102-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Membrane tube deformation induced by chiral and achiral protein rods without direct attraction between the rods at R_cyl/r_rod = 1.31 and N = 4800. (a) Protein models for achiral and chiral crescent-shaped rods. (b–g) Snapshots at (b) C_rodr_rod = 0, (c) 1.5, and (d) 2.3, and (e,f) 3.3 for the chiral rods; and (g) C_rodr_rod = 3.3 for the achiral rods. The membrane particles are displayed as transparent gray spheres. (h,i) Fourier amplitudes of (h) rod densities and (i) membrane shapes. The solid and dashed lines represent the data for REMD of the chiral and achiral protein rods, respectively. The circles and squares with solid lines represent the qθ and qz modes, respectively, for the canonical simulations of the helical rod-assembly as shown in (f). The Fourier amplitudes are normalized by the values at C_rod = 0 (denoted by the superscript *). The error bars are displayed only for the canonical simulations. The errors in REMD are smaller than the thickness of the lines.