Table 1.

Nanoparticles used in this study

Nanoparticles	Abbreviations	Surface coating	Z-size (nm)	Zeta potential (mV)
CF488-AgNP-NAB	Ag-488	CF488A, PEG 1000, NAB	42.51 ± 1.25	−3.6 ± 1.31
CF555-AgNP-NAB	Ag-555	CF555, PEG 1000, NAB	45.41 ± 2.97	−7.05 ± 0.41
CF647-AgNP-NAB	Ag-647	CF647, PEG 1000, NAB	50.26 ± 2.92	−8.54 ± 0.43
CF555-AgNP-D-TAT-NH2	T-Ag	CF555, PEG 1000, NA-biotin-D-TAT-NH2	55.57 ± 3.31	−5.18 ± 0.55
CF647-AuNP-NAB	Au-647	CF647, PEG 1000, NAB	39.42 ± 3.21	−4.93 ± 0.68
CF488-AuNP-D-TAT-NH2	T-Au-488	CF488A, PEG 1000, NA-biotin-D-TAT-NH2	38.13 ± 1.58	−4.26 ± 0.51
CF647-AuNP-D-TAT-NH2	T-Au	CF647, PEG 1000, NA-biotin-D-TAT-NH2	38.68 ± 3.11	−3.49 ± 0.31
AuNP-PEG 50 nm	Au50	PEG 5000	70.72 ± 4.72	−2.41 ± 0.18
CF647-IONP	IONP-647	CF647, Dextran	34.21 ± 0.71	−5.35 ± 1.78
CF647-IONP-D-TAT-NH2	T-IONP	CF647, Dextran, NA-biotin-D-TAT-NH2	36.06 ± 4.43	−2.45 ± 3.18
CF488-QD	QD-488	CF488A, PEG 2000	18.53 ± 0.90	−8.73 ± 0.42
CF647-QD	QD-647	CF647, PEG 2000	19.40 ± 1.40	−6.32 ± 0.28
CF647-QD-D-TAT-NH2	T-QD	CF647, PEG 2000, NA-biotin-D-TAT-NH2	23.70 ± 1.28	−4.18 ± 1.01

Data presented here are mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) of three independent experiments (n  = 3). Zeta potential was measured at pH 7.4 for all NPs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file

NAB neutravidin (NA) on nanoparticles bind with biotin, AgNPs silver nanoparticles, AuNPs gold nanoparticles, IONPs iron oxide nanoparticles, QDs quantum dots