Table 2.
Associations of severe diabetic retinopathy status and visual acuity (independent variables) with retinal arteriolar, venular and capillary parameters (dependent variables), using linear regression.
| Retinal vascular parameters | Severe DRa | LogMAR VAa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | p-value | β | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Arteriolar and venular (SIVA) parameters | ||||||
| CRAE | −16.00 | −27.01 to −4.99 | 0.007 | −34.81 | −64.15 to −5.46 | 0.025 |
| CRVE | −14.22 | −31.12 to 2.68 | 0.106 | −42.32 | −85.56 to 0.92 | 0.062 |
| AVR | −0.03 | −0.08 to 0.02 | 0.244 | −0.02 | −0.15 to 0.12 | 0.798 |
| FDt | −0.05 | −0.12 to 0.01 | 0.125 | −0.26 | −0.41 to −0.11 | 0.001 |
| FDa | −0.05 | −0.11 to 0.01 | 0.093 | −0.17 | −0.30 to −0.05 | 0.011 |
| FDv | −0.03 | −0.09 to 0.02 | 0.220 | −0.22 | −0.35 to −0.10 | 0.001 |
| Capillary (OCT-A) parameters | ||||||
| SVP CDI | −0.02 | −0.03 to −0.01 | 0.002 | −0.02 | −0.05 to 0.01 | 0.182 |
| DVP CDI | −0.01 | −0.02 to 0.00 | 0.152 | −0.01 | −0.04 to 0.02 | 0.377 |
| SVP FDc | 0.02 | −0.02 to 0.06 | 0.304 | −0.04 | −0.13 to 0.06 | 0.439 |
| DVP FDc | −0.04 | −0.10 to 0.01 | 0.118 | −0.12 | −0.23 to −0.02 | 0.027 |
Abbreviations: DR = diabetic retinopathy; logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; VA = visual acuity; CI = confidence interval; SIVA = Singapore I Vessel Assessment; CRAE = central retinal arteriolar equivalent; CRVE = central retinal venular equivalent; AVR = arteriole-venule ratio; FDt = total fractal dimension; FDa = arteriole fractal dimension; FDv = venule fractal dimension; OCT-A = optical coherence tomography angiography; SVP = superficial vascular plexus; CDI = capillary density index; DVP = deep vascular plexus; FDc = capillary fractal dimension; DME = diabetic macular edema.
aBivariate linear regression analysis with DME included as an independent variable.