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. 2019 Aug 7;10:543. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00543

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Copyright © 2019 Pin, Bonetto, Bonewald and Klein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Serum derived from burned patients induced pro-atrophic signaling in the C2C12 myotubes (N = 4 per group). Representative Western blotting and quantification of pSTAT3, STAT3 (A), pERK1/2, ERK1/2 (B), Ubiquitin (C), and LC3BII/LC3BI (D) in protein extract of C2C12 myotubes exposed for up to 48 h to 5% serum obtained from 3 groups of children: normal unburned (N), burned receiving standard of care after 30 d (B), and burned receiving standard of care and pamidronate after 30 d (B+P). Tubulin was used as a loading control. Data (means ± standard deviation) are expressed as arbitrary units (A.U.). Significance of the differences: ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 vs. N, and ^#p < 0.05 vs. B. Significance was determined by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-test.