Table 3.

Summary of studies included in the meta-analysis (2).

Number	Study name	Measure of MA	Measure of math performance	Measure aspects of math	Geographical region
1	Abu-Hilal, 2000	Other	Custom test	Problem solving	Asia
2	Bandalos et al., 1995①	MARS	Custom test	Problem solving	USA
3	Bandalos et al., 1995②	MARS	Custom test	Problem solving	USA
4	Bandalos et al., 1995③	MARS	Custom test	Problem solving	USA
5	Ashkenazi and Danan, 2017	MARS	Custom test	Computation	Asia
6	Birgin et al., 2010①	Other	Other	Whole	Asia
7	Birgin et al., 2010②	Other	Other	Whole	Asia
8	Birgin et al., 2010③	Other	Other	Whole	Asia
9	Brunyé et al., 2013	AMAS	Standardized test	Computation	USA
10	Buelow and Frakey, 2013	AMAS	Standardized test	Whole	USA
11	Cargnelutti et al., 2017①	SEMA	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
12	Cargnelutti et al., 2017②	SEMA	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
13	Ching, 2017①	Other	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
14	Ching, 2017②	Other	Standardized test	Problem solving	Europe
15	Daneshamooz et al., 2012	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Asia
16	Devine et al., 2012①	AMAS	custom test	Computation	Europe
17	Devine et al., 2012②	AMAS	Custom test	Computation	Europe
18	Dowker et al., 2012③	Other	Custom test	Computation	Europe
19	Erturan and Jansen, 2015①	MASC	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
20	Erturan and Jansen, 2015②	MASC	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
21	Galla and Wood, 2012	MASC	Standardized test	Whole	USA
22	Ganley and Mcgraw, 2016	MASYC	Custom test	Whole	USA
23	Gunderson et al., 2018	CMAQ	Standardized test	Problem solving	Asia
24	Harari et al., 2013	MARS	Standardized test	Computation	USA
25	Henschel and Roick, 2017	MARS	Standardized test	Whole	Europe
26	Hill et al., 2016①	AMAS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
27	Hill et al., 2016②	AMAS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
28	Hill et al., 2016③	AMAS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
29	Hill et al., 2016④	AMAS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
30	Ho et al., 2000①	MAQ	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
31	Ho et al., 2000②	MAQ	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
32	Ho et al., 2000③	MAQ	Standardized test	Whole	USA
33	Hoffman, 2010①	MASYC	Custom test	Computation	USA
34	Hoffman, 2010②	MARS	Custom test	Computation	USA
35	Hoffman, 2010③	MASYC	Custom test	Computation	USA
36	Hunt et al., 2017	MASC	Custom test	Computation	Europe
37	Justicia-Galiano et al., 2017①	AMAS	Standardized test	Whole	Europe
38	Justicia-Galiano et al., 2017②	AMAS	Standardized test	Problem solving	Europe
39	Karasel et al., 2010	Other	Standardized test	Problem solving	Europe
40	Karimi and Venkatesan, 2009	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Asia
41	Kyttälä and Björn, 2014①	MARS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
42	Kyttälä and Björn, 2014②	MARS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
43	Kyttälä and Björn, 2014③	MARS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
44	Lauer et al., 2018	AMAS	Custom test	Whole	USA
45	Lukowski et al., 2016	MARS	Standardized test	Computation	USA
46	Luo et al., 2009	MAQ	Other	Whole	Asia
47	Miller and Bichsel, 2004①	MARS	Standardized test	Problem solving	USA
48	Miller and Bichsel, 2004②	MARS	Standardized test	Computation	USA
49	Necka et al., 2015	MARS	Custom test	Computation	USA
50	Núñez-Peña et al., 2013	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Europe
51	Olmez and Ozel, 2012①	Other	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
52	Olmez and Ozel, 2012②	Other	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
53	Olmez and Ozel, 2012③	Other	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
54	Olmez and Ozel, 2012④	Other	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
55	Olmez and Ozel, 2012	Other	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
56	Passolunghi et al., 2016	AMAS	Standardized test	Whole	Europe
57	Ramirez et al., 2016①	CMAQ	Standardized test	Problem solving	USA
58	Ramirez et al., 2016②	CMAQ	Standardized test	Problem solving	USA
59	Reali et al., 2016	AMAS	Standardized test	Whole	Europe
60	Reali et al., 2016	AMAS	Standardized test	Whole	Europe
61	Schillinger et al., 2018①	MAS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
62	Schillinger et al., 2018②	MAS	Standardized test	Whole	Europe
63	Sherman and Wither, 2003①	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Other
64	Sherman and Wither, 2003②	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Other
65	Sherman and Wither, 2003③	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Other
66	Sherman and Wither, 2003④	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Other
67	Sherman and Wither, 2003	MARS	Custom test	Whole	Other
68	Skaalvik, 2018	Other	Standardized test	Problem solving	Europe
69	Sorvo et al., 2017①	MAQ	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
70	Sorvo et al., 2017②	MAQ	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
71	Sorvo et al., 2017③	MAQ	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
72	Sorvo et al., 2017④	MAQ	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
73	Tsui et al., 2007	MARS	Standardized test	Computation	Europe
74	Vukovic et al., 2013b	MARS	Standardized test	Problem solving	USA
75	Woodard, 2004	MARS	Standardized test	Whole	USA
76	Wu et al., 2012	SEMA	Standardized test	Whole	USA
77	Wu et al., 2014	ESMA	Standardized test	Computation	USA
78	Wu et al., 2014	SEMA	Standardized test	Whole	USA
79	Wu et al., 2017①	Other	Standardized test	Problem solving	USA
80	Wu et al., 2017②	Other	Standardized test	Computation	USA
81	Yaratan and Kasapoglu, 2012	MAS	Custom test	Whole	other
82	Yüksel-Sahin, 2008	Other	Other	Whole	Asia
83	Zakaria and Nordin, 2008	MAS	Standardized test	Whole	Asia
84	Zakaria et al., 2012	FSMAS	Custom test	Whole	Asia

We use first author and publication year to represent each study, and if one study provided more than one effect size, we use ①, ②, ③, ④, to indicate.