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. 2019 Aug 7;10:1757. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01757

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Copyright © 2019 Nagaraj and Samiappan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Assessment of protective efficacy of hydroxyapatite–A. indica (HA-AI) composite on LPS-induced nuclear damage and apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells. (A) Phase contrast and fluorescent microscopic images depicting the protective efficacy of HA-AI composite on LPS-induced nuclear damage by DAPI staining. (B) Dose-dependent protective efficacy of HA-AI composite on LPS-induced apoptosis by DAPI staining. (C–E) Dose-dependent restoring efficacy of HA-AI composite on LPS-induced depletion of caspases (3/7, 8, and 9). The experiments were performed individually in six replicates and achieved results were stated as mean ± standard deviation. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way ANOVA following Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test. The statistical variance among the experimental groups was measured as significant at p < 0.05. The columns with different alphabets were significant within the respective study.