Table 5.

Sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy for bladder cancer

Authors	Year	Method	Sensitivity/specificity (%)	References
Ciudin et al.	2015	Air cystoscopy	88 / 97	36
Horstmann et al.	2014	PDD cystoscopy	92 / 57	37
Shen et al.	2012	NBI or WLI cystoscopy	87.8 / 77.1 (NBI) 68.3 / 82.9 (WLI)	38
van Rhijn et al.	2009	Urethra-cystoscopy	75 / 83	39
Allam et al.	2009	Cystoscopy	100 / 94.4	40

Abbreviation: PDD=photodynamic diagnosis; NBI=narrow band imaging; WLI=white light imaging