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. 2019 Aug 13;322(6):535–545. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.10575

Figure 3. Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI) for the Association of Midlife and Late-Life Systolic Blood Pressure With Incident Dementia.

Figure 3.

A, The association of mean midlife systolic blood pressure (SBP) (measured at visits 1-4) with dementia risk (n=4662). B, The association of late-life SBP with dementia risk among individuals with a mean midlife SBP lower than 120 mm Hg (n=2583). C, The association of late-life SBP with dementia risk among individuals with a mean midlife SBP greater than or equal to 120 mm Hg (n=2068). Hazard ratios (indicated by a bold blue line) and 95% CIs (lighter-faced blue lines) are derived from Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for baseline age, sex, race-center, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOEε4) status, and body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking status, alcohol use status, prevalent diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and previous stroke defined at visit 5. Models used to examine late-life blood pressure were also adjusted for mean midlife SBP. SBP values were centered at the sample median and modeled using a restricted cubic spline with knots at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles. Histograms of time-averaged SBP are displayed as solid bars. Participants with extreme blood pressure values (in the bottom first and top 99th percentile) were excluded from these analyses.