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. 2018 Nov 23;108(5):997–1005. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy190

TABLE 2.

VA indicators and percentage total serum VA as REs categorized by total liver VA reserves1

Deficient (<0.1 μmol VA/g) Optimal (≥0.1 to <0.7 μmol VA/g) High (≥0.7 to <1 μmol VA/g) Hypervitaminotic (≥1.0 μmol VA/g)
n 6 11 1 9
Total liver VA reserves, µmol/g 0.04 ± 0.032 0.28 ± 0.14 0.77 1.85 ± 0.96
Serum retinol, µmol/L 0.61 ± 0.68 1.26 ± 0.85 2.77 1.17 ± 0.64
Serum REs, nmol/L 2.27 ± 4.09 18.0 ± 14.4 24.8 33.2 ± 35.0
Total serum VA
 As REs, % 0.90 1.75 0.89 3.31
 As REs >5%, n 1 0 0 2
 As REs >7.5%, n 0 0 0 2
 As REs >10%, n 0 0 0 0

1Categories for total liver VA reserves, as defined by reference 1. RE, retinyl ester; VA, vitamin A.

2Mean ± SD (all such values); the “High” category had only one subject and therefore does not have an SD.