ORs (95% CIs) of live birth per treatment cycle initiated associated with substituting 1) fish or 2) red meat for other food sources (2 servings/wk) in the EARTH Study (n = 351 women; 598 cycles). (A) Fish estimated substitutions (2 servings/wk). (B) Red meat estimated substitutions (2 servings/wk). All outcomes were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts, binary distribution, and logit link function. All analyses were adjusted for total daily calories, age, BMI, race, smoking status, daily supplemental dietary folate, supplemental vitamin B-12, supplemental iron intake, supplemental ω-3 (binary, yes/no), and prudent and Western dietary patterns (excluding meats). All analyses were adjusted for all the other protein-rich foods (i.e., processed meat, red meat, organ meat, fish, poultry and vegetarian; servings per day). All outcomes were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts, binary distribution, and logit link function. “Any other protein-rich food” includes all other meats, eggs, and beans, soy, and nuts. EARTH Study, Environment and Reproductive Health Study.