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. 2019 Aug 7;10:1878. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01878

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Copyright © 2019 Raychaudhuri, Bhattacharya, Sinha, Liu, Ghosh, Rahaman, Bandopadhyay, Sarif, D'Rozario, Paul, Das, Sarkar, Chattopadhyay and Ganguly.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intratumoral human pDCs expand FoxP3⁺ Tregs in breast cancer. (A,B) Blood and tumor tissue from patients with breast cancer was collected and processed to isolate pDCs, which were then co-cultured with autologous CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ T cells for 5 days, following which the cells were intracellularly stained for FoxP3 and subjected to flow cytometry. n = 6 from 6 independent experiments and two-tailed paired Student's t-test was done. (C) The culture supernatants from (B) were extracted and subjected to LC-MS/MS. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was done. (D) The ratio of kynurenine: tryptophan in the culture supernatants was correlated with the percentage of FoxP3⁺ cells in the co-cultures by Spearman's correlation (^*p < 0.05).