Table 2.

Metabolic phenotypes and clamp-derived measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity at baseline by treatment group

	Glargine followed by metformin		Metformin alone
	Adult	Youth	Adult	Youth
	N = 67	N = 44	N = 65	N = 47	P value
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	6.1 ± 0.5	6.0 ± 0.9	6.1 ± 0.6	6.1 ± 1.1	0.311
Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L)	1.242 ± 0.471	1.627 ± 0.552	1.206 ± 0.430	1.820 ± 0.581	<0.001
Fasting insulin (pmol/L)	109.2 [40.2, 296.8]	211.1 [54.8, 813.5]	102.9 [36.8, 287.8]	247.4 [74.1, 825.4]	<0.001
Steady-state (second-phase) C-peptide response (nmol/L)	4.0 [1.9, 8.4]	5.2 [2.4, 11.2]	3.9 [2.0, 7.6]	5.1 [2.3, 11.2]	<0.001
ACPRmax (nmol/L)	4.8 [1.8, 12.5]	7.3 [3.3, 16.2]	4.8 [2.0, 11.7]	8.1 [3.4, 9.3]	<0.001
ACPRg (nmol/L)	1.7 [1.0, 3.2]	2.4 [0.9, 6.4]	1.8 [1.0, 3.2]	2.3 [0.8, 6.4]	<0.001
Glucose disposal rate (M; mmol/kg/min)	0.021 ± 0.010	0.025 ± 0.013	0.022 ± 0.009	0.023 ± 0.010	0.209
M/I (mmol/kg/min per pmol/L)	2.8 [0.7, 12.1]	1.6 [0.3, 7.4]	3.3 [0.8, 13.1]	1.5 [0.4, 6.8]	<0.001
Fasting C-peptide/fasting insulin (×10 nmol/pmol)	1.06 [0.62, 1.81]	0.73 [0.29, 1.87]	1.10 [0.59, 2.06]	0.70 [0.28, 1.77]	<0.001

Data are mean ± SD or geometric mean [95% CI]. P values for nonnormally distributed data based on log-transformed values. P value for ANOVA Type III F test.