Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients with resistant and well-controlled hypertension
| Resistant hypertension | Well-controlled hypertension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (27) | Women [16 (59%)] | Men [11 (41%)] | All (26) | Women [17 (65%)] | Men [9 (35%)] | P value | |
| Age (years) | 55.5±9 | 56.5±9 | 54.2±10 | 54.8±9 | 55.7±9 | 53.1±9 | NS |
| Body weight (kg) | 89.4±13.6 | 85.3±14.7 | 95.4±9.5 | 76.3±11.6 | 73.2±11.8 | 82.1±9.3 | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.66±0.1 | 1.63±0.06 | 1.7±0.08 | 1.65±0,1 | 1.6±0.05 | 1.72±0.05 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5±5.1 | 32.25±5.2 | 32.9±5.3 | 28.2±4.3 | 28.4±4.9 | 27.7±3.0 | <0.005 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 109.5±12.1 | 107.8±13 | 111.9±10 | 99.3±11.1 | 98.35±12.9 | 101±6.7 | <0.005 |
| Education | |||||||
| Basic | 15 (55.5%) | 8 (50%) | 7 (63.6%) | 11 (42.3%) | 8 (47%) | 2 (22.2%) | NS |
| Secondary | 9 (33.3%) | 6 (37.5%) | 3 (27.3%) | 11 (42.3%) | 5 (29.4%) | 6 (66.6%) | |
| Higher | 3 (11.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | 4 (15.38%) | 4 (23.53%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
| Circadian blood pressure pattern | |||||||
| Dippers | 14 (54%) | 6 (40%) | 8 (73%) | 15 (60%) | 9 (56%) | 6 (67%) | NS |
| Mild dippers | 4 (15%) | 3 (20%) | 1 (9%) | 7 (28%) | 4 (25%) | 3 (33%) | |
| Extreme dippers | 4 (15%) | 3 (20%) | 1 (9%) | 2 (8%) | 2 (13%) | 0 | |
| Reverse dippers | 4 (15%) | 3 (20%) | 1 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | |
| Coronary heart disease | |||||||
| Yes | 3 (11%) | 3 (19%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NS |
| No | 24 (89%) | 13 (81%) | 11 (100%) | 26 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 9 (100%) | |
| Diabetes | |||||||
| Yes | 11 (41%) | 6 (38%) | 5 (45%) | 8 (31%) | 7 (41%) | 1 (11%) | NS |
| No | 16 (59%) | 10 (63%) | 6 (55%) | 18 (69%) | 10 (59%) | 8 (89%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||||
| Yes | 5 (19%) | 4 (25%) | 1 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | NS |
| No | 22 (81%) | 12 (75%) | 10 (91%) | 25 (96%) | 16 (94%) | 9 (100%) | |
| Chronic back pain | |||||||
| Yes | 17 (63%) | 11 (69%) | 6 (55%) | 10 (38%) | 8 (47%) | 2 (22%) | 0.08 |
| No | 10 (37%) | 5 (31%) | 5 (45%) | 16 (62%) | 9 (53%) | 7 (78%) | |
| Headache | |||||||
| Yes | 15 (56%) | 10 (63%) | 5 (45%) | 7 (27%) | 6 (35%) | 1 (11%) | <0.05 |
| No | 12 (44%) | 6 (38%) | 6 (55%) | 19 (73%) | 11 (65%) | 8 (89%) | |
| Sleep disorders, snoring | |||||||
| Yes | 22 (81%) | 14 (88%) | 8 (73%) | 13 (50%) | 8 (47%) | 5 (56%) | <0.05 |
| No | 5 (19%) | 2 (12%) | 3 (27%) | 13 (50%) | 9 (53%) | 4 (44%) | |
| Positive family history of cardiovascular disease | |||||||
| Yes (hypertension, diabetes, stroke) | 25 (93%) | 15 (94%) | 10 (91%) | 22 (85%) | 15 (88%) | 7 (78%) | NS |
| No | 2 (7%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (9%) | 4 (15%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (22%) | |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Currently, smoking | 3 (11%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (18%) | 5 (19%) | 3 (18%) | 2 (22%) | NS |
| Non-smoking | 23 (85%) | 14 (88%) | 9 (82%) | 18 (69%) | 13 (76%) | 5 (56%) | |
| Non-smoker from <5 years ago | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | 2 (12%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (22%) | |
| Alcohol drinking | |||||||
| Yes | 8 (30%) | 2 (13%) | 6 (55%) | 8 (31%) | 2 (12%) | 6 (67%) | NS |
| No | 19 (70%) | 14 (88%) | 5 (45%) | 18 (69%) | 15 (88%) | 3 (33%) | |
BMI=body mass index.
Data are presented as mean±SD or number (percentage).