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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2019 Feb 14;29(3):576–591. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.015

Figure 1. The tumor microenvironment.

Figure 1

Cancer cells are dispersed within a complex microenvironment. Multiple nonmalignant cell types are found in a bulk tumor, including fibroblasts, T-cells and macrophages. While cancer-associated fibroblasts and effector T-cells are preferentially found in the proximity of the vasculature, tumor-associated macrophages and regulatory T-cells accumulate in hypovascular tumor regions. Other non-malignant cell types are present in tumor stroma but not depicted here to aid visualization.