. 2018 Jul 16;103(9):3540–3547. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00855

Table 4.

Covariate-Adjusted FRs for Maternal First Trimester Urinary Bisphenol and Phthalate Concentrations, Stratified by Folic Acid Supplement Use [n = 760; None or Postconception (Inadequate), n = 302, Preconception (Adequate), n = 458]

	FR (95% CI)
Total bisphenols^a
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.90 (0.81–1.00)^b
Folic acid supplement use	1.00 (0.92–1.09)
BPA^a
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.93 (0.86–1.01)^c
Folic acid supplement use	1.00 (0.94–1.07)
BPS^a
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.94 (0.87–1.01)^c
Folic acid supplement use	1.02 (0.96–1.09)
Phthalic acid^a
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.88 (0.79–0.99)^b
Folic acid supplement use	0.99 (0.91–1.08)
LMW phthalate metabolites
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.94 (0.85–1.03)
Folic acid supplement use	0.98 (0.91–1.05)
HMW phthalate metabolites^a
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.93 (0.82–1.04)
Folic acid supplement use	1.03 (0.93–1.14)
DEHP metabolites
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.94 (0.83–1.05)
Folic acid supplement use	1.03 (0.93–1.13)
DNOP metabolites^a
Inadequate folic acid supplement use	0.90 (0.80–1.02)
Folic acid supplement use	1.02 (0.93–1.11)

Data analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model (R, version 3.3.2). Increases are per natural log increase in first trimester urinary total bisphenols/BPA/BPS/phthalic acid/LMW/HMW/DEHP/DNOP metabolite concentrations. All models are adjusted for maternal age, education, parity, and urinary creatinine concentration.

^{^a}

Interaction term P < 0.1.

^{^b}

P < 0.05.

^{^c}

P < 0.1.