Table 3.

Total Opioid Units Billed (Pill Count) Comparison in Patients 6 Months Prior to Fusion Versus 2 Years Following Fusion, N (%).

Characteristic	Patients With Any Opioid Use 6 Months Prior to Fusion	Patients With Any Opioid Use Within 2 Years After Fusion
Total patients	2 368 008	8 851 616
Male	947 559 (40.0)	3 630 927 (41.0)
Female	1 420 449 (60.0)	5 220 689 (59.0)
Geographical region breakdown
Midwest	557 608 (23.5)	2 022 153 (22.8)
Northeast	57 979 (2.4)	182 519 (2.1)
South	1 496 669 (63.2)	5 719 225 (64.6)
West	255 752 (10.8)	927 719 (10.5)
Race breakdown
Unknown	189 562 (8.0)	712 367 (8.0)
White	1 962 550 (82.9)	7 319 115 (82.7)
Black	161 994 (6.8)	612 600 (6.9)
Other	15 636 (0.7)	68 207 (0.8)
Asian	3370 (0.1)	10 972 (0.1)
Hispanic	30 205 (1.3)	103 312 (1.2)
North American Native	4691 (0.2)	25 043 (0.3)