Table 8.
Multivariate Regression Results.a
| Characteristic | OR | CI 2.5% | CI 97.5% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age-group (years) | |||
| 25-29 | 1.127 | 0.231 | 5.513 |
| 30-34 | 1.259 | 0.321 | 4.722 |
| 35-39 | 1.170 | 0.317 | 4.074 |
| 40-44 | 1.119 | 0.310 | 3.794 |
| 45-49 | 1.960 | 0.549 | 6.578 |
| 50-54 | 1.876 | 0.531 | 6.224 |
| 55-59 | 1.684 | 0.478 | 5.561 |
| 60-64 | 1.620 | 0.461 | 5.339 |
| 65-69 | 0.989 | 0.283 | 3.242 |
| 70-74 | 0.823 | 0.235 | 2.700 |
| 75-79 | 0.757 | 0.216 | 2.487 |
| 80-84 | 0.707 | 0.201 | 2.334 |
| 85-89 | 0.450 | 0.123 | 1.541 |
| 90+ | 0.626 | 0.171 | 2.162 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 0.874 | 0.808 | 0.945 |
| Geographic region | |||
| Northeast | 0.856 | 0.656 | 1.121 |
| South | 1.176 | 1.074 | 1.287 |
| West | 1.260 | 1.095 | 1.452 |
| Additional regression characteristics | |||
| Length of stay | 1.015 | 1.010 | 1.021 |
| Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 1.103 | 1.004 | 1.212 |
| Opioid use 6 months prior to spinal fusion | 3.433 | 3.179 | 3.708 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a Dependent variable—prolonged opioid use (>1 year) after spinal fusion. Independent variables—age, gender, length of stay, geographical region, obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), and opioid use 6 months prior to spinal fusion. Note that age 20-24 years, female gender, and Midwest region are used for the multivariate baseline comparison group for age, gender, and region, respectively.