Table 1.
MIS Versus Open Surgery in Terms of Baseline and Perioperative Characteristics of 172 TLIFs.
| Characteristics | Open (n = 109) | MIS (n = 63) | P a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||
| Age, years, mean | 59.7 | 58.3 | .49 |
| Female gender,b n (%) | 56 (51) | 27 (43) | .28 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean | 29.4 | 29.2 | .79 |
| ASA class, mean | 2.4 | 2.3 | .09 |
| Previous lumbar surgery,b n (%) | 34 (31) | 19 (30) | .88 |
| Psychiatric/chronic pain diagnosis,c n (%) | 29 (27) | 19 (30) | .62 |
| Preoperative injections, n | 2.0 | 1.8 | .47 |
| Preoperative opioid use, n (%) | 47 (43) | 26 (41) | .81 |
| Perioperative | |||
| Fusion level, n (%) | |||
| 1-level | 77 (70) | 49 (78) | .31 |
| 2-level | 28 (26) | 14 (22) | .61 |
| 3-level | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | .12 |
| Operative time, min, mean | 251 | 223 | .006 |
| EBL, mL, mean | 648 | 184 | <.001 |
| LOS, days, mean | 3.7 | 2.7 | <.001 |
| Postoperative complications,b n (%) | 30 (28) | 11 (17) | .14 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; EBL, estimated blood loss; LOS, length of stay; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
a Boldfaced P values indicate statistical significance (P < .05).
b Chi-square test performed.
c Psychiatric/chronic pain diagnoses include depression, anxiety, panic disorder, bipolar I disorder, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain syndrome.