Table 2.
Specific pain content that participants teach in subjects
| Dentistry | Human Nutrition and Dietetic | Medicine | Nursing | Occupational Therapy | Pharmacy | Physiotherapy | Podiatry | Psychology | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multidimensional nature of pain (13.09) | (23.9) | (7.2) | (16) | (18.7) | (4.5) | (6.7) | (17.9) | (17.7) | (5.2) |
| Epidemiology of pain | 4 (10.3) | 1 (2.9) | 10 (7.4) | 11 (9.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.1) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (1) |
| Pain theories | 5 (12.8) | 1 (2.9) | 7 (5.1) | 8 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (8.2) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (4.9) |
| Biological mechanisms of pain | 11 (28.2) | 5 (14.3) | 37 (27.2) | 20 (17.1) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (15) | 23 (23.5) | 3 (18.8) | 7 (6.9) |
| Ethical standards and guidelines related to management of pain | 5 (12.8) | 1 (2.9) | 9 (6.6) | 18 (15.4) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.1) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0) |
| Definition of pain and pain terms | 19 (48.7) | 6 (17.1) | 43 (31.6) | 42 (35.9) | 1 (6.7) | 4 (20) | 37 (37.8) | 6 (37.5) | 10 (9.8) |
| Biological, psychological and social factors influencing the perception of pain | 12 (30.8) | 1 (2.9) | 25 (18.4) | 32 (27.4) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (5) | 23 (23.5) | 4 (25) | 9 (8.8) |
| Pain assessment and measurement (13.56) | (23.1) | (7.9) | (16.3) | (23.5) | (6.7) | (1.2) | (18.6) | (20.3) | (4.4) |
| Interprofessional and multiprofessional collaboration | 6 (15.4) | 3 (8.6) | 20 (14.7) | 23 (19.7) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 13 (13.3) | 4 (25) | 2 (2) |
| Pain assessment | 15 (38.5) | 4 (11.4) | 37 (27.2) | 39 (33.3) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (5) | 27 (27.6) | 4 (25) | 5 (4.9) |
| Pain impact on quality of life | 11 (28.2) | 3 (8.6) | 23 (16.9) | 30 (25.6) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 23 (23.5) | 3 (18.8) | 8 (7.8) |
| Evaluation of outcomes | 4 (10.3) | 1 (2.9) | 9 (6.6) | 17 (15.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (10.2) | 2 (12.5) | 3 (2.9) |
| Management of pain (10.28) | (17.5) | (6.7) | (13.3) | (17.8) | (3.3) | (4.2) | (13.9) | (12.5) | (3.3) |
| Pharmacological methods | 13 (33.3) | 6 (17.1) | 34 (25) | 36 (30.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (20) | 10 (10.2) | 4 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Non-pharmacological approaches | 9 (23.1) | 3 (8.6) | 24 (17.6) | 33 (28.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 24 (24.5) | 2 (12.5) | 7 (6.9) |
| Psychological approaches | 8 (20.5) | 2 (5.7) | 20 (14.7) | 23 (19.7) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (5) | 12 (12.2) | 1 (6.3) | 12 (11.8) |
| Rehabilitation approaches | 4 (10.3) | 1 (2.9) | 12 (8.8) | 5 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 22 (22.4) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0) |
| Surgical approaches | 3 (7.7) | 1 (2.9) | 9 (6.6) | 12 (10.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Other non-pharmacological | 4 (10.3) | 1 (2.9) | 10 (7.4) | 16 (13.7) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 12 (12.2) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (1) |
| Clinical conditions (13.62) | (24.5) | (8.6) | (16.5) | (17.8) | (2.9) | (7.8) | (19) | (22.3) | (3.2) |
| Type(s) of pain (neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain) | 17 (43.6) | 8 (22.9) | 49 (36) | 40 (34.2) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (15) | 38 (38.8) | 8 (50) | 6 (5.9) |
| Distinction between commonly used pain terms in clinical practice (e.g. allodynia, analgesia, dysesthesia, hyperalgesia) | 9 (23.1) | 2 (5.7) | 22 (16.2) | 14 (12) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 20 (20.4) | 4 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Pain in older adults | 6 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.4) | 14 (12) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.1) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (1) |
| Pain in special population (e.g., pain in people with psychiatric disorder or in individuals with substance abuse) | 2 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.4) | 14 (12) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.1) | 1 (6.3) | 5 (4.9) |
| Distinction between acute, recurrent, incident, and or persistent pain | 19 (48.7) | 8 (22.9) | 48 (35.3) | 43 (36.8) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (15) | 38 (38.8) | 7 (43.8) | 8 (7.8) |
| Pain in infants, children and adolescents | 3 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 5 (3.7) | 8 (6.8) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (1) |
| Specific pain problems (e.g., back pain, headache) | 11 (28.2) | 3 (8.6) | 21 (15.4) | 13 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (15) | 25 (25.5) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (2) |
Note: Data presented for subcategories as percentages (%) or number of respondents and percentages [n (%)], and data presented for general categories as percentages (%)