. 2019 Aug 13;19:800. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5991-8

Table 4.

Potential effect modifiers of multivariable adjusted^a HR and 95% CI for risk of breast cancer-specific mortality associated with wine consumption from age 15 years until breast cancer diagnosis

		Wine consumption from age 15 years until breast cancer diagnosis, average drinks/week
		Non-drinkers	< 1	1–< 3	≥3	P _trend	P _{heterogeneity}
Household income, times the federal poverty guideline
< 3	No. Death	148	67	27	6
< 3	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.94 (0.69–1.28)	0.70 (0.46–1.07)	0.32 (0.14–0.74)	0.003	0.005
≥ 3	No. Death	226	117	50	29
≥ 3	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.96 (0.74–1.23)	0.82 (0.59–1.14)	1.09 (0.72–1.63)	0.98
Race
Black	No. Death	215	75	26	9
Black	HR (95% CI)	Referent	1.06 (0.79–1.41)	0.64 (0.42–0.98)	0.65 (0.33–1.30)	0.05	0.23
White	No. Death	167	116	54	26
White	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.92 (0.71–1.19)	0.88 (0.64–1.22)	0.82 (0.53–1.26)	0.33
Education
≤ High school	No. Death	185	59	27	13
≤ High school	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.82 (0.60–1.12)	0.88 (0.58–1.35)	1.09 (0.61–1.96)	0.93	0.11
> High school	No. Death	197	132	53	22
> High school	HR (95% CI)	Referent	1.03 (0.80–1.31)	0.73 (0.52–1.00)	0.64 (0.40–1.00)	0.02
Menopausal status at diagnosis
Pre-MP	No. Death	177	109	49	19
Pre-MP	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.95 (0.73–1.24)	0.95 (0.68–1.34)	0.73 (0.44–1.19)	0.24	0.42
Post-MP	No. Death	166	61	21	11
Post-MP	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.93 (0.68–1.28)	0.68 (0.43–1.09)	0.63 (0.34–1.19)	0.07
BMI 5-years before diagnosis (kg/m²)
< 25	No. Death	154	113	53	23
< 25	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.97 (0.75–1.25)	0.79 (0.57–1.10)	0.78 (0.49–1.22)	0.15	0.80
≥ 25	No. Death	228	78	27	12
≥ 25	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.96 (0.72–1.27)	0.75 (0.49–1.14)	0.73 (0.40–1.33)	0.17
Comorbid condition^b
No	No. Death	206	125	53	27
No	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.92 (0.72–1.18)	0.80 (0.58–1.11)	0.74 (0.48–1.12)	0.10	0.96
Yes	No. Death	176	66	27	8
Yes	HR (95% CI)	Referent	1.04 (0.77–1.41)	0.74 (0.49–1.13)	0.84 (0.41–1.75)	0.30
Cigarette smoking
Never	No. Death	227	84	30	10
Never	HR (95% CI)	Referent	1.06 (0.79–1.41)	1.00 (0.66–1.51)	0.69 (0.36–1.33)	0.34	0.77
Ever	No. Death	155	107	50	25
Ever	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.91 (0.70–1.17)	0.68 (0.49–0.94)	0.79 (0.51–1.22)	0.08
Stage of breast cancer at diagnosis
Localized	No. Death	100	55	27	11
Localized	HR (95% CI)	Referent	1.10 (0.78–1.54)	1.06 (0.69–1.65)	0.80 (0.42–1.51)	0.60	0.43
Non-localized	No. Death	282	136	53	24
Non-localized	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.92 (0.73–1.16)	0.69 (0.50–0.94)	0.76 (0.49–1.17)	0.05
Estrogen receptor status
Positive	No. Death	161	82	40	20
Positive	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.93 (0.70–1.24)	0.80 (0.55–1.16)	0.87 (0.53–1.41)	0.35	0.80
Negative	No. Death	160	93	35	13
Negative	HR (95% CI)	Referent	1.11 (0.84–1.49)	0.87 (0.59–1.29)	0.76 (0.43–1.37)	0.25
Histogologic type
Ductal	No. Death	286	150	62	24
Ductal	HR (95% CI)	Referent	0.97 (0.77–1.22)	0.74 (0.54–1.00)	0.66 (0.43–1.03)	0.02	0.33
Lobular	No. Death	37	25	6	8
Lobular	HR (95% CI)	Referent	1.17 (0.72–1.93)	0.50 (0.21–1.19)	1.21 (0.56–2.61)	0.91

Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, MP menopausal

^aAll models are stratified by age at diagnosis, and include study site, race, education, household income, number of mammograms within the 5 years before breast cancer diagnosis, body mass index 5-years before diagnosis, number of comorbidities before breast cancer diagnosis, smoking history, stage, estrogen receptor status, histologic type of breast cancer tumor, beer consumption, and liquor consumption

^bComorbidities included hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and cancers other than non-melanoma skin cancers