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. 2019 Aug 7;7:146. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00146

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Copyright © 2019 Mironov and Beznoussenko.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Scheme of ER-to-Golgi transport according to the KARM. Protrusions containing small cargoes (A) and megacargoes (B) are formed within the ERES area. (C–F) A tubule is formed from the cis-most Golgi cisterna. It moves toward the ERES area along a microtubule (dashed line), with the help of kinesin (green dot). (G,H) This tubule fuses with ERES with the help of SNAREs (short black lines), and delivers dynein (red dots) to the ER-to-Golgi carrier. (I,J) The bolus moves toward the Golgi complex using dynein and microtubules. (K) Now, the ER-to-Golgi carrier is within the cis-most cisterna. Finally, the tubular connection undergoes rupture (K).