Figure 1.

Identification of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cell subsets in human kidney tissue. Gating strategy used to identify T cells (CD3⁺), B cells (CD19⁺), total NK cells (CD3⁻ CD19⁻ CD56⁺ lymphocytes), and NK cell subpopulations (CD56^dim and CD56^bright NK cells) in human kidney transplant tissue. Single, live, CD45⁺ mononuclear cells (MNC) and granulocytes are gated on a forward-scatter (FSC)/side-scatter (SSC) plot (A,B). Total lymphocytes are distinguished from granulocytes and monocytes based on low SSC and absent CD14 expression (C). Total lymphocytes are further separated into T cells or B cells by their expression of CD3 and CD19 respectively (D). NK subpopulations, CD56^bright and CD56^dim NK cells, are identified based on CD56 intensity and CD16 expression (E). Representative flow cytometric data from 1 of 10 individual antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) renal biopsy specimens are shown. An identical gating strategy was used for no rejection, borderline rejection and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) biopsies. MNC, mononuclear cells; FSC-A, forward-scatter area; SSC-A, side-scatter area.