Table 1.

Selected bacterial protein deamidases.

Toxin	Bacterial source	Cellular activity	Target(s)	Refs
CNF	E. coli, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Shigella boydii	Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton, modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses	Rho GTPases	(Flatau et al.1997; Schmidt et al.1997; Doye et al.2002)
DNT	Bordetella spp.	Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton, modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses	Rho GTPases	(Masuda et al.2000)
VopC	Vibrio parahemolyticus	Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton, modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses	Rho GTPases	(Zhang et al.2012)
MIX-CNF	Vibrio proteolyticus	Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton, modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses	Rho GTPases	(Ray et al.2017)
PMT	Pasteurella multocida	Activation of mitogenic and calcium signaling pathways, actin rearrangements, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation	Heterotrimeric G proteins: Gαq/11, Gα12/13, Gαi	(Orth et al.2008)
SseI	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi	Increased cell migration	Binds IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1)	(Bhaskaran and Stebbins 2012)
BLF1	Burkholderia pseudomallei	Inhibition of protein synthesis	eIF4a	(Cruz-Migoni et al.2011)
Cifs	E. coli (EPEC, EHEC), Burkholderia pseudomallei, Photorhabdus luminescens, other bacterial species	Inhibition of Cullin-RING ligases, ubiquintination	NEDD8 and Ubiquitin	(Cui et al.2010)
OspI	Shigella flexneri	Disruption of TRAF6-mediated responses	Ubc13	(Sanada et al.2012)
TecA	Burkholderia cenocepacia	Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton, modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses	Rho GTPases	(Aubert et al.2016)
PaTox	Photorhabdus aymbiotica	Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton, activation of mitogenic signaling pathways	Heterotrimeric G proteins: Gαq/11, Gαi	(Jank et al.2013)