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. 2019 Jun 23;15(9):1660–1661. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1632124

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

ATG9A vesicles deliver components to shape the phagophore membrane. (A) In association with ARF1 and ARL1, ARFIP2 may activate phosphoinositide (PI)-metabolizing enzymes contained on ATG9A vesicles, driving the production of PtdIns4P to generate a suitable environment for ATG9A function. ATG9A vesicles can then deliver PI4K2A/PI4KIIα and PI4KB/PI4KIIIβ to the phagophore initiation site or later to expanding phagophores to produce PtdIns4P. (B) ATG9A vesicles deliver PI4K2A/PI4KIIα and PI4KB/PI4KIIIβ to all stages of the autophagic membranes: omegasomes, phagophores and autophagosomes, participating in autophagy.