Table 3.
Percentage of US adults taking antihypertensive medication with apparent treatment resistant hypertension according to definitions in the 2008 and 2018 American Heart Association’s Scientific Statements.
| Sub-group | American Heart Association definition of apparent treatment resistant hypertension | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 Scientific Statement | 2018 Scientific Statement | 2018 but not 2008 | |
| Overall | 17.7% (16.0%, 19.5%) | 19.7% (17.9%, 21.6%) | 2.0% (1.5%, 2.7%) |
| Age group, years | |||
| 20 to 49 | 8.1% (5.7%, 11.5%) | 10.8% (7.8%, 14.8%) | 2.7% (1.7%, 4.7%) |
| 50 to 59 | 12.4% (9.8%, 15.6%) | 14.0% (11.1%, 17.4%) | 1.6% (0.8%, 3.1%) |
| 60 to 69 | 18.2% (15.3%, 21.6%) | 19.9% (16.6%, 23.6%) | 1.6% (0.8%, 3.1%) |
| ≥70 | 26.6% (23.1%, 30.4%) | 28.8% (25.3%, 32.6%) | 2.2% (1.5%, 3.2%) |
| Male sex | 17.5% (15.2%, 20.0%) | 19.6% (17.2%, 22.2%) | 2.1% (1.5%, 3.1%) |
| Female sex | 17.9% (15.6%, 20.4%) | 19.8% (17.5%, 22.3%) | 1.9% (1.3%, 2.8%) |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 17.0% (14.9%, 19.2%) | 18.9% (16.8%, 21.2%) | 1.9% (1.3%, 2.8%) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 25.0% (22.3%, 27.8%) | 27.3% (24.4%, 30.4%) | 2.3% (1.6%, 3.3%) |
| Hispanic | 15.6% (12.2%, 19.8%) | 17.7% (14.3%, 21.6%) | 2.0% (1.0%, 5.8%) |
| Other | 10.4% (7.3%, 14.5%) | 12.0% (8.2%, 17.4%) | 1.7% (0.5%, 6.5%) |
| No diabetes | 12.6% (11.2%, 14.3%) | 15.4% (13.7%, 17.2%) | 2.7% (2.0%, 3.7%) |
| Diabetes | 31.1% (27.4%, 35.1%) | 31.1% (27.4%, 35.1%) | 0%† |
| No chronic kidney disease | 12.5% (10.7%, 14.5%) | 15.3% (13.3%, 17.6%) | 2.9% (2.1%, 3.8%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 29.7% (26.6%, 33.1%) | 29.7% (26.6%, 33.1%) | 0%† |
| ACR ≤30 mg/dL | 14.9% (13.2%, 16.7%) | 17.3% (15.4%, 19.3%) | 2.4% (1.8%, 3.2%) |
| ACR >30 mg/dL | 31.3% (27.4%, 35.6%) | 31.3% (27.4%, 35.6%) | 0%† |
| eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 14.5% (12.8%, 16.4%) | 17.0% (15.0%, 19.0%) | 2.5% (1.8%, 3.3%) |
| eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 31.3% (27.4%, 35.5%) | 31.3% (27.4%, 35.5%) | 0%† |
| 10-year risk categories, % | |||
| < 5% | 5.7% (3.6%, 8.8%) | 7.8% (5.4%, 11.3%) | 2.2% (1.1%, 4.0%) |
| 5% to < 10% | 7.9% (5.4%, 11.4%) | 10.3% (7.3%, 14.3%) | 2.3% (1.3%, 4.2%) |
| 10% to < 20% | 12.9% (10.2%, 16.1%) | 15.4% (12.6%, 18.7%) | 2.5% (1.3%, 4.9%) |
| ≥ 20% | 26.2% (22.1%, 30.6%) | 27.5% (23.5%, 32.0%) | 1.4% (0.7%, 2.6%) |
| History of CVD* | 32.0% (28.2%, 36.0%) | 33.4% (29.6%, 37.5%) | 1.5% (0.9%, 2.4%) |
| SBP/DBP category, mm Hg | |||
| < 130/80 | 10.1% (8.3%, 12.4%) | 10.1% (8.3%, 12.4%) | 0%† |
| 130–139/80–89 | 18.1% (15.2%, 21.5%) | 26.2% (23.1%, 29.5%) | 8.0% (6.2%, 10.4%) |
| ≥ 140/90 | 29.1% (25.1%, 33.5%) | 29.1% (25.1%, 33.5%) | 0% † |
Numbers in table represent percent (95% confidence interval) with apparent treatment resistant hypertension.
Due to rounding, the numbers in the column “2018 but not 2008” do not always equal the estimate in the “2018 Scientific Statement” minus “2008 Scientific Statement” columns.
ACR - albumin-to-creatinine ratio, eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate, CVD - cardiovascular disease, SBP –systolic blood pressure, DBP – diastolic blood pressure.
All participants with a history of CVD are in this category regardless of their 10-year predicted risk.
There is no confidence interval as, by definition, no participants with SBP/DBP < 130/80 mm Hg or with ≥ 140/90 mm Hg have apparent treatment resistant hypertension by one Scientific Statement but not the other.