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. 2019 Aug 7;9:280. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00280

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Multiple intracellular pathogens have evolved a mechanism for CXCL10 suppression. (A) Leishmania spp. with diverse geographic origin, genetic background, and clinical manifestations suppress CXCL10. 1 × 106 live promastigotes from day 5 cultures of L. major Seidman WT (p = 0.0001), L. major Seidman Δgp63 (p = 0.81), L. major Seidman Δgp63+1 (p = 0.0001), L. major Friedlin (p = 0.0001), L. tropica (p = 0.0001), L. donovani (p = 0.0001), L. venezuelensis (p = 0.0001), and L. braziliensis (p = 0.0001) were incubated in 50 μl of M199 supplemented with 1 ng/μl of human recombinant CXCL10 at 37°C for 24 h. (B) LCL 18524 was used to screen L. major (p = 0.0001), P. berghei (p = 0.99), T. gondii I (RH) (p = 0.44), T. gondii II (Prugniaud A7) (p = 0.011), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (p = 0.0001), S. aureus (p = 0.12), C. trachomatis (p = 0.0001), M. marinum (p = 0.37), M. smegmatis (p > 0.99), and C. neoformans (p = 0.010) for CXCL10 suppressing activity (n = 2–4 for each pathogen). For (A,B) CXCL10 concentration was measured by ELISA and is represented as the log2 of fold change relative to uninfected controls. P-values calculated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test comparing non-log transformed values to 1, which would represent no change relative to uninfected *p < 0.01. (C,D) S. Typhimurium and C. trachomatis suppress CXCL10 in a second LCL. Infections were performed in the LCL HG02647 for S. Typhimurium (n = 6; two experiments) and C. trachomatis (n = 5; three experiments). Mean ± standard error of the mean is plotted and P-values calculated by Student's t-test. (E) S. Typhimurium suppresses production of CXCL10 in THP-1 monocytes. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated with 1 μg/mL of purified LPS from S. Typhimurium at the time of infection. CXCL10 concentration in culture supernatant at 24 hpi was assayed by ELISA. Mean ± standard error the mean is plotted, and P-values calculated by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. (F) Chlamydia trachomatis suppresses CXCL10 in the human endocervical epithelial cell line A2EN. CXCL10 concentration in culture supernatant at 72 hpi was assayed by ELISA. Mean ± standard error of the mean is plotted and P-values calculated by Student's t-test.