Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants (n=142) and pressure injuries with BWAT data (n=270)
| Characteristics | Mean (SD) or N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age | 78.06 (14.52) |
| Female | 88 (62.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| Asian American | 20 (14.1) |
| African American | 41 (28.1) |
| Hispanic | 25 (17.6) |
| Caucasian | 57 (40.1) |
| Munsell Skin Tone* | |
| Dark (2.5−−4 values) | 21 (14.8) |
| Medium (5—6 values) | 27 (19.0) |
| Light (7–8 values) | 91 (64.1) |
| Braden Score for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk | 14.09 (2.72) |
| Body Mass Index (N=86) | 25.71 (6.16) |
| MDS** Bed Mobility-Extensive assistance + Total dependence | 112 (80.3) |
| MDS Transfer assessment-Extensive assistance + Total dependence | 125 (89.4) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 63 (44.4) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 21 (14.8) |
| Pressure injury on more than one anatomic location | 67 (47.2) |
| Multiple pressure injury at the same anatomic location | 33 (23.2) |
| Pressure Injury size in cm2 | 6.4 (14.9) |
| Initial Subepidermal Moisture value by stage# and anatomic location | Trunk Heels |
| Stage 1 | 38.73 (8.61) 28.66 (8.48) |
| Stage 2 | 41.04 (8.62) 33.80 (9.47) |
| Stage 3 | 41.40 (8.96) 20.75 (1.20) |
| Stage 4 | 41.59 (9.22) ---- |
| Deep Tissue Injury | 35.47 (6.22) 27.03 (6.92) |
| Unstageable | ---- 27.82 (7.30) |
*
Munsell skin tone range 2.5—8.0 where higher values indicate lighter skin tones.
**
MDS Minimum Data Set; BMI only available for those with MDS 3.0
#
Staging according to NPUAP 2009 guidelines