Table 2.
Initial Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool scores for initial observation by stage, location, skin tone and race/ethnicity for those pressure injuries present on admission to the study and acquired during the study.
| Wound Characteristics-All Initial assessments | BWAT Total Score Mean (SD) N (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| All Pus N=270 | PU POA to study N=70 | Acquired PU during study N=200 | |
| By Stage* | |||
| Stage 1 | 15.29 (2.88) 44 (16.3) |
15.33 (0.58) 3 (4.3) |
15.29 (2.98) 41 (19.2) |
| Stage 2 | 21.48 (3.20) 136 (50.4) |
21.37 (2.52) 24 (34.3) |
21.51 (3.34) 112 (56.0) |
| Stage 3 | 31.55 (5.17) 29 (10.7) |
30.71 (4.94) 14 (20.0) |
32.33 (5.43) 15 (7.5) |
| Stage 4 | 36.2 (6.72) 20 (7.4) |
35.36 (7.57) 14 (20.0) |
38.17 (3.97) 6 (3.0) |
| Unstageable | 39.2 (3.42) 5 (1.9) |
39.20 (3.42) 5 (7.1) |
-- |
| Deep Tissue Injury | 20.17 (4.42) 36 (13.3) |
20.60 (4.62) 10 (14.3) |
20.00 (4.42) 26 (13.0) |
| By Location** | |||
| Trunk | 23.86 (7.23) 171 (63.3) |
27.6 (8.17) 46 (65.7) |
22.50 (6.36) 125 (62.5) |
| Ischials | 22.39 (6.42) 38 (14.1) |
24.14 (7.43) 7 (10.0) |
22.00 (6.24) 31 (15.5) |
| Heels | 20.00 (7.23) 61 (22.6) |
26.41 (9.78) 17 (24.3) |
17.64 (3.93) 44 (22.0) |
| By Munsell Skin Tone*** | |||
| Light (values 7–8) | 21.8 (7.1) 169 (62.6) |
20.9 (6.3) 129 (64.5) |
24.5 (8.7) 40 (57.1) |
| Medium (values 5–6) | 24.2 (6.9) 61 (22.6) |
22.2 (5.4) 46 (23.0) |
30.4 (7.4) 15 (21.4) |
| Dark (values 2.5–4) | 24.9 (8.2) 32 (11.8) |
21.7 (7.5) 19 (9.5) |
29.5 (7.0) 13 (18.6) |
| By Race/Ethnicity**** | |||
| African American | 25.1 (8.0) 69 (25.6) |
22.3 (6.6) 45 (65.2) |
30.4 (7.7) 24 (34.8) |
| Asian American | 23.7 (7.7) 55 (20.4) |
23.5 (7.6) 46 (23.0) |
24.6 (8.6) 9 (16.4) |
| Caucasian | 21.3 (6.1) 93 (34.4) |
20.4 (4.8) 72 (36.0) |
24.6 (8.7) 21 (30.0) |
| Hispanic | 21.4 (7.0) 53 (19.6) |
19.4 (5.3) 37 (18.5) |
26.2 (8.2) 16 (22.9) |
Note: Mixed models used to account for multiple PrIs by participant on different anatomic locations.
*
Main effect for stage significant (F(5,122)=91.15, p <0.0001)
**
Interaction of location and POA significant (F(2,127)=3.07, p=0.05)
***
Main effect for skin tone significant (F(2,124)=5.09, p=0.008)
****
Main effect for race/ethncity significant (F(3,128)=3.08, p=0.03)