Table 2.
Summary of alternative illumination sources for PACT.
| Type | Repetition rate (kHz) | Wavelength (nm) | Type/model | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD | 10 | B | Quantel, Paris, France | Hand-held in vivo of human finger joint [80] |
| 7 | B | Quantel DQQ1910-SA-TEC | In vivo mouse brain imaging [81] | |
| 30 | B, C | NA | Characterization of laser source [57] | |
| LED | 0.5 | B | SST-90, Luminus, USA | Tissue mimicking phantom [69] |
| 40 | A | EDC405-1100, Marubeni | In-vivo mapping of mouse ear [82] | |
| 4 | B, C | HDHP LED | Ex-vivo transcranial [71] | |
| 1, 4 | A, B | PreXion Corporation | Blood oxygenation, [70] | |
| DPL | Up to 0.5 | C | Montfort Laser GmbH M‐NANO‐Nd: YAG‐10ns‐50‐INDR_PR135 | In-vivo deep tissue imaging [76] |
| XFL | 10-100 | A, B, C | L4634, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. | Phantoms and small animal [72] |
| CWa | NAb | B | GH0781JA2C, Sharp | Rabbit ear vasculature [79] |
| NAb | B | L785P100, Thorlabs | [77] | |
| NAb | C | IPG Photonics, MA | PVC phantom [78] |
Optical window: A <600 nm, 600 nm < B <900 nm, and C >900 nm.
a
Only CW laser energy is provided in Watts.
b
NA: Not applicable.