Table 1. Participants' characteristics baseline.
| Total Sample | MIp group (N = 17) | Control group (N = 17) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 61.1 ± 5.3 | 62.2 ± 4.9 | 60.0 ± 5.7 |
| Sex (men/women) | 19/15 | 7/6 | 7/6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 3.2 | 29.7 ± 4.2 | 30.4 ± 1.80 |
| Ethnicity | White/South Slavic (100%) | White/South Slavic (100%) | White/South Slavic (100%) |
| Total knee arthroplasty, (right side, n) | 19/34 | 9/17 | 10/17 |
| Days of hospital stay after TKA | 6.5 ± 1.4 (range, 4–8) | 6.4 ± 1.5 (range, 4–8) | 6.7 ± 1.3 (range, 5–8) |
| Physical function | |||
| Maximal isometric extension strength of the operated knee (Nm) | 125.8 ± 47.9 | 117.3 ± 48.6 | 134.3 ± 47.1 |
| 30s Chair sit to stand (n) | 10.4 ± 3.0 | 9.9 ± 2.8 | 10.8 ± 3.3 |
| Self-selected gait speed (m/s) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
| Self-selected gait speed DT (m/s) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| Brisk-paced gait speed (m/s) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 |
| Brisk paced gait speed DT (m/s) | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 |
| Spatiotemporal gait parameters during self-selected pace gait | |||
| Single support period (s) | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 |
| Double support period (s) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.0 |
| Stride length (cm) | 128.2 ± 13.8 | 126.7 ± 13.8 | 129.7 ± 14.2 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 105.1 ± 9.7 | 101.7 ± 11.2 | 108.6 ± 6.5 |
| Self-reported physical function and motor imagery ability | |||
| LEFS (points) | 32.2 ± 7.6 | 33.1 ± 7.0 | 31.5 ± 8.4 |
| Kineasthetic imagery ability | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 5.4 ± 1.5 |
| Internal visual imagery ability | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.0 |
| External visual imagery ability | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 0.8 |
| Cognitive performance | |||
| Baseline (number of correct answers) | 24.4 ± 8.1 | 24.8 ± 9.4 | 24.0 ± 6.9 |
| Serial 3s during self-selected gait speed (number of correct answers) | 41.5 ± 15.8 | 42.4 ± 14.4 | 40.7 ± 17.6 |
| Serial 3s during brisk-paced gait (number of correct answers) | 46.2 ± 17.6 | 46.8 ± 16.3 | 45.5 ± 19.3 |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD
BMI–body mass index; MIp–motor imagery practice group; TKA–total knee arthroplasty; LEFS Lower extremity functional score questionnaire