Table 3. Magnitude-based inferences and absolute changes between initial and final measurements in: Motor imagery group, control group, and between groups (per protocol analysis).
| Motor Imagery group | Control group | Between group comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw diff (95% CI) | ES (95% CI) | Raw diff (95% CI) | ES (95% CI) | Raw diff (95% CI) | ES (95% CI) | MBI | |
| Physical function | |||||||
| Maximal isometric extension strength of the operated knee (Nm) | -49.70 (-78.42, -20.98) | -1.33 (-2.39, -0.28) | -83.10 (-113.56, -52.64) | -2.10 (-3.47, -0.72) | 33.40 (-8.46, 75.26) | 1.15 (0.32, 1.99) | likely beneficial |
| 30s Chair sit to stand (n) | 1.10 (-3.22, 1.02) | -0.40 (-1.20, 0.40) | 4.92 (-7.24, -2.60) | -1.63 (-2.80, -0.46) | 3.82 (0.68, 6.96) | 1.45 (0.58, 2.31) | very likely beneficial |
| Self-selected gait speed (m/s) | 0.04 (-0.08, 0.16) | 0.26 (-0.52, 1.04) | -0.29 (-0.41, -0.17) | -1.92 (-3.21, -0.62) | 0.33 (0.16, 0.50) | 2.12 (1.16, 3.08) | most likely beneficial |
| Self-selected gait speed DT (m/s) | 0.01 (-0.13, 0.15) | 0.06 (-0.74, 0.86) | -0.26 (-0.40, -0.12) | -1.53 (-2.70, -0.35) | 0.27 (0.07, 0.47) | 1.59 (0.67, 2.50) | very likely beneficial |
| Brisk-pace gait speed (m/s) | -0.08 (-0.23, 0.07) | -0.40 (-1.20, 0.40) | -0.38 (-0.57, -0.19) | -1.55 (-2.69, -0.41) | 0.30 (0.06, 0.54) | 1.32 (0.47, 2.17) | very likely beneficial |
| Brisk-pace gait speed DT (m/s) | -0.07 (-0.21, 0.07) | -0.39 (-1.22, 0.44) | -0.35 (-0.54, -0.16) | -1.61 (-2.93, -0.28) | 0.28 (0.05, 0.51) | 1.31 (0.38, 2.23) | very likely beneficial |
| Spatiotemporal gait parameters during self-selected pace gait | |||||||
| Single support period (s) | -0.02 (-0.05, 0.01) | -0.44 (-1.25, 0.36) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.06) | 0.85 (-0.05, 1.75) | -0.05 (-0.09, -0.01) | -1.25 (-2.09, -0.41) | very likely beneficial |
| Double support period (s) | -0.03 (-0.36, 0.30) | -0.07 (-0.84, 0.70) | 0.10 -(0.39, 0.59) | 0.16 (-0.62, 0.93) | -0.13 (-0.72, 0.46) | -0.18 (-0.95, 0.59) | possibly trivial |
| Stride length (cm) | -1.40 (-10.86, 8.06) | -0.11 (-0.89, 0.66) | -17.10 (-29.12, -5.08) | -1.09 (-2.07, -0.12) | 15.70 (0.40, 31.00) | 1.06 (0.24, 1.88) | likely beneficial |
| Cadence | 5.30 (-2.13, 12.73) | 0.55 (-0.28, 1.37) | -14.30 (-20.00, -8.60) | -1.93 (-3.23, -0.63) | 19.60 (10.24, 28.96) | 2.39 (1.38, 3.39) | most likely beneficial |
| Self-reported physical function and motor imagery ability | |||||||
| LEFS (points) | 2.46 (-2.83, 7.75) | 0.36 (-0.44, 1.15) | -4.46 (-8.85, -0.07) | -0.78 (-1.66, 0.10) | 6.92 (0.05, 13.79) | 1.11 (0.29, 1.94) | likely beneficial |
| Kineasthetic imagery ability | 0.10 (-0.55, 0.75) | 0.12 (-0.65, 0.89) | -0.40 (-1.21, 0.41) | -0.38 (-1.18, 0.42) | 0.50 (-0.54, 1.54) | 0.55 (-0.23, 1.34) | possibly beneficial |
| Internal visual imagery ability | 0.20 (-0.63, 1.03) | 0.19 (-0.59, 0.96) | -0.50 (-1.04, 0.04) | -0.71 (-1.57, 0.15) | 0.70 (-0.29, 1.69) | 0.99 (0.18, 1.80) | likely beneficial |
| External visual imagery ability | 0.10 (-0.64, 0.84) | 0.10 (-0.67, 0.87) | -0.10 (-0.57, 0.37) | -0.16 (-0.94, 0.61) | 0.20 (-0.67, 1.07) | 0.30 (-0.47, 1.07) | possibly trivial |
| Cognitive performance | |||||||
| Baseline (number of correct answers)* | 4.90 (-2.42, 12.22) | 0.51 (-0.30, 1.33) | 5.20 (-1.79, 12.19) | 0.60 (-0.27, 1.46) | -0.30 (-10.45, 9.85) | -0.03 (-0.81, 0.75) | likely trivial |
| Serial 3s during self-selected gait speed (number of correct answers)* | 8.00 (-5.08, 21.08) | 0.47 (-0.34, 1.28) | 6.30 (-7.68, 20.28) | 0.36 (-0.47, 1.19) | 1.70 (-17.43, 20.83) | 0.09 (-0.69, 0.88) | likely trivial |
| Serial 3s during brisk-paced gait (number of correct answers)* | 5.80 (-7.74, 19.34) | 0.33 (-0.46, 1.12) | -1.60 (-15.06, 11.86) | -0.10 (-0.98, 0.77) | 7.40 (-12.06, 26.86) | 0.44 (-0.39, 1.28) | possibly trivial |
95% CI 95% confidence interval; LEFS Lower extremity functional score questionnaire; DT dual task; ES effect size; MBI magnitude-based inferences interpretation
*Number of patients per outcome measure are mentioned in a first paragraph of results section.