Table 2. Differences in plasma Amino Acid concentrations (μmol/L) and Amino Acid ratios between stroke patients and healthy subjects.

Variables	Healthy subjects (n = 15)	Stroke patients (n = 125)	p value	FDR-adjusted p value
Aspartic Acid	60.42±52.11	11.38±2.26	0.053	0.0622
Glutamic Acid	157.90±55.61	71.78±23.53	<0.0001	<0.0001
Histidine	53.71±11.05	72.02±15.45	0.0001	0.0002
Asparagine:	54.43±11.87	49.14±11.91	0.033	0.0405
Serine	68.77±23.30	113.46±29.36	<0.0001	<0.0001
Glutamine	570±70	576.45±116.81	0.8	0.8
Arginine	60.49±9.62	59.27±19.21	0.40	0.45
Citrulline	24.57±3.66	32.83±9.78	0.009	0.0128
Glycine	208.37±76.81	269.35±68.01	0.023	0.0296
Threonine	104.39±22.60	137.96±41.78	0.001	0.0018
Alanine	284.41±51.22	345.04±92.03	0.009	0.0128
Taurine	133.25±23.03	94.68±29.73	0.0008	0.0015
Tyrosine	49.40±10.66	65.08±17.50	0.0005	0.0010
Valine	152.62±19.59	247.77±68.66	<0.0001	<0.0001
Methionine	15.17±7.42	28.58±8.09	<0.0001	<0.0001
Tryptophan	43.31±11.19	42.44±11.56	0.53	0.5504
Phenylalanine	41.61±7.28	61.69±16.43	<0.0001	<0.0001
Leucine	78.52±13.69	136.15±38.38	<0.0001	<0.0001
Ornithine	56.38±6.39	87.29±31.16	0.002	0.0034
Lysine	103.41±24.95	217.77±55.76	<0.0001	<0.0001
Isoleucine	44.15±7.45	71.06±18.29	<0.0001	<0.0001
Total Amino Acids (TAAs)	2791±404.8	2574.55±404.80	<0.0001	<0.0001
Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)	275.28±37.72	454.98±117.74	<0.0001	<0.0001
Essential Amino Acids (EAAs)	583.17±74.78	941.55±191.13	<0.0001	<0.0001
EAAs /TAAs (%)	32±6	33.7±3.2	0.003	0.0048
BCAAs /TAAs (%)	15±4	16.3±2.7	0.020	0.0270
BCAAs /EAAs (%)	47±4	48±5	0.46	0.50

Data are expressed as mean ±standard deviation (SD)

p-values are taken from the Mann-Whitney U test; FDR-adjusted p value: p values for false discovery rate controlled at 5% using the Benjamini-Hochberg method