Table 2.
Sample breakdown of selected demographic and household water, sanitation, and hygiene characteristics for children included in analysis
| Characteristic | PMA2020 N = 14 603 | DHS N = 66 717 |
|---|---|---|
| Country | ||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 16.8% | 25.7% |
| Ethiopia | 31.6% | 15.9% |
| Ghana | 13.0% | 8.2% |
| Kenya | 17.8% | 28.4% |
| Uganda | 20.7% | 21.7% |
| Development type | ||
| Urban | 37.2% | 28.1% |
| Rural | 62.8% | 71.9% |
| Average number of members in household (SE) | 6.35 (0.07) | 6.18 (0.03) |
| Average number of children aged <5 years in household (SE) | 1.62 (0.02) | 1.92 (0.01) |
| Wealth quintile | n = 14 578a | |
| Poorest | 24.6% | 23.0% |
| Second Poorest | 22.1% | 21.4% |
| Middle | 20.3% | 19.5% |
| Second Wealthiest | 17.1% | 18.0% |
| Wealthiest | 15.9% | 18.2% |
| Caregiver’s education level | n = 14 599a | |
| None | 25.2% | 23.3% |
| Primary school | 42.4% | 46.3% |
| Secondary school | 21.7% | 25.4% |
| Vocational training | 6.6% | – |
| University/higher education | 4.2% | 5.0% |
| Child's gender | ||
| Female | – | 49.5% |
| Male | – | 50.5% |
| Child's age | n = 14 362a | |
| Average age of child in months (SE) | 28.8 (0.20) | 29.0 (0.08) |
| Main drinking water source classification | n = 14 597a | n = 65 035a |
| Unimproved | 27.4% | 35.4% |
| Improved | 72.6% | 64.6% |
| Time to get water | n = 65 039a | |
| Time in minutes (SE) | – | 31.8 (0.66) |
| Reliability | n = 14 596a | |
| Always | 71.5% | – |
| Intermittent predictable | 16.9% | – |
| Intermittent unpredictable | 11.6% | – |
| Main sanitation classification | n = 65 209a | |
| Open defecation | 17.8% | 17.8% |
| Unimproved | 51.3% | 44.3% |
| Improved, shared | 18.4% | 21.9% |
| Improved, not shared | 12.5% | 16.1% |
| Child faeces disposal | n = 45 719a | |
| Burn | 0.3% | – |
| Bury | 9.2% | 4.1% |
| Child uses latrine | 20.8% | 6.0% |
| Disposed of in latrine | 57.1% | 56.8% |
| Garbage | 17.2% | 18.3% |
| Leave | 8.5% | 8.5% |
| Manure | 0.5% | – |
| Waste water | 13.2% | 6.2% |
| Handwashing | n = 14 250a | |
| None | 52.1% | – |
| Designated place | 23.3% | – |
| Container | 24.7% | – |
SE, standard error of the mean.
a
Sample size reduced due to missing values.