Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate regression models evaluating predictors of male involvement of prenatal care (N = 403).

Individual factors	n (%)	Odds ratio	95% CI	Model 1 AOR	95% CI	Model 4 AOR	95% CI
Age		1.03	1.01–1.06	1.01	0.98−1.05	1.01	0.98−1.05
Overestimating likelihood of HIV MTCT	212 (52.74)	1.83	1.20–2.7	2.13	1.35−3.4	2.17	1.24−3.8
History of memory loss due to alcohol use	98 (24.3)	0.58	0.36–0.91	0.76	0.52−1.09	1.02	0.64−1.6
Drug use	156 (38.7)	0.53	0.35–0.79	0.65	0.41−1.04	0.59	0.34−1.04
Endorse that people with HIV can live long satisfying lives	375 (93.52)	2.91	1.25–7.6	7.24	1.9–47.5	6.61	1.4−52.6
Barrier to PNC: Thinking prenatal care is for women	74 (18.36)	0.56	0.36–0.85	0.63	0.37–1.04	0.73	0.38−1.35
Partnership factors		Odds ratio	95% CI	Model 2 AOR	95% CI
Having a planned pregnancy	128 (31.8)	1.50	0.99−2.3	1.3	0.84–2	1.02	0.55−1.87
Questioning partner about telephone calls	2.9 (SD 1.3)	0.83	0.71−0.97	0.82	0.7–0.97	0.78	0.61−0.98
Being invited to PNC by partner	365 (90.6)	6.19	2.7−16.7	5.6	2.4–15.6	31.42	7.45−199.2
Identified making partner happy as a facilitator to PNC attendance	382 (94.8)	4.57	1.70−16.1	2.51	0.80–9.30	5.35	1.3−27.9
Systemic factors		Odds ratio	95% CI	Model 3 AOR	95% CI
Endorsing avoidance of medical care due to cost	70 (17.4)	0.42	0.24−0.72	0.3	0.15–0.6	0.17	0.06−0.39
Previously being tested for STIs	286 (71.0)	0.69	0.45−1.1	0.85	0.53−1.36	1.11	0.61−2.03
Identifying missing work as a barrier to PNC attendance	310 (76.9)	0.21	0.13−0.33	0.19	0.11−0.31	0.07	0.03−0.15

Model 1: Adjusted for Individual factors associated with PNC attendance; Model 2: Adjusted for Partnership factors associated with PNC attendance; Model 3: Adjusted for Systemic factors associated with PNC attendance; Model 4: Adjusted for all factors in the table.

MTCT: mother to child transmission, PNC: prenatal care, STI: sexually transmitted infections.