Table 1.

Participant demographics.

ID	Sex	Fazekas Total*	Lesion volume (cm3)	Stroke Age	Age Test 1	Age Test 2	Education (y)	Test Interval (m)	AQ** Initial	AQ Follow- up	Aphasia Type	Improve/ Decline***
M2002	M	1	152.60	55	59	65	16	85	68.1	72.6	Broca’s	Improve
M2005	F	3	59.08	31	38	43	16	62	55.2	54.8	Broca’s	Stable
M2006	M	4	96.79	47	58	61	10	42	90.2	85.8	Anomia	Decline
M2014	M	0	70.78	56	57	62	12	55	88.8	94.0	Anomia	Improve
M2016	M	4	365.41	55	62	69	22	87	50.7	30.9	Broca’s	Decline
M2025	M	2	155.72	50	53	56	16	38	70.7	64.6	Broca’s	Decline
M2029	M	0	195.39	43	43	50	16	83	25.7	40.6	Broca’s	Improve
M2030	M	1	202.00	54	58	65	16	78	47.6	51.5	Broca’s	Improve
M2031	M	2	148.87	56	57	60	20	44	31.2	34.4	Conduction	Improve
M2036	M	2	147.89	50	52	58	18	67	72.7	72.2	Broca’s	Stable
M2039	F	2	12.56	39	42	45	15	30	87.6	88.6	Anomia	Stable
M2040	M	2	240.06	49	49	55	16	73	32.7	48.7	Broca’s	Improve
M2042	M	2	202.14	60	66	67	12	24	73.5	61.6	Broca’s	Decline
M2044	F	4	146.18	44	50	53	13	32	73.5	74.8	Broca’s	Stable
M2046	F	3	194.92	49	54	56	14	22	49.3	55.9	Conduction	Improve
M2049	F	3	9.28	67	70	74	16	56	46.9	63.4	Conduction	Improve
M2061	M	1	97.03	63	64	65	15	7	46.3	52.7	Wernicke’s	Improve
M2086	M	2	118.35	71	72	76	20	50	73.5	60.5	Conduction	Decline
M2087	M	3	234.61	52	69	71	16	31	55.3	45.9	Broca’s	Decline
M2102	M	1	63.56	47	47	51	12	39	73.8	86.0	Conduction	Improve
M2109	F	6	109.69	66	67	69	12	26	47.8	39.8	Conduction	Decline
M2115	M	2	210.30	64	64	66	16	21	38.9	36.3	Broca’s	Stable
M2118	M	2	130.76	54	55	56	18	10	37.6	41.0	Broca’s	Improve
M2127	M	2	220.17	58	59	60	12	7	57.8	52.1	Broca’s	Decline
M2136	F	3	113.30	67	69	70	12	7	38.7	28.6	Broca’s	Decline
M2165	M	3	340.18	52	53	55	16	25	5.6	20.1	Broca’s	Improve
M2172	M	2	65.02	68	69	69	18	9	75.9	77.2	Anomia	Stable
M2173	M	3	92.17	71	72	73	12	10	62.2	57.8	Broca’s	Decline
M2176	M	2	114.42	66	68	69	13	9	72.7	68.9	Conduction	Decline
M4138	M	1	52.12	62	66	67	14	10	77.8	90.4	Anomia	Improve
M4141	F	2	24.02	43	50	54	12	51	80.8	79.2	Broca’s	Stable
M4148	M	1	177.67	49	49	50	10	7	20.1	26.0	Broca’s	Improve
M4214	M	2	96.88	69	70	71	15	6	41.9	46.6	Wernicke’s	Improve
M4217	M	2	193.61	68	70	71	16	6	47.3	66.8	Broca’s	Improve
M4223	F	1	213.37	48	50	50	18	10	30.1	39.0	Broca’s	Improve
Mean	--	2.20	144.77	55.5	58.6	61.5	15	34.8	55.7	57.4	--	--
SD	--	1.13	82.69	10	9.5	8.8	2.9	26.2	21.1	19.9	--	--

Abbreviations: AQ: aphasia quotient; m: months; y: years. Note lesion volume is reported in cm³.

^*A score from 0 (no presence of leukoaraiosis) to 6 (severe confluent leukoaraiosis in both periventricular and deep white matter spaces).

^**AQ, aphasia quotient, derived from the Western Aphasia Battery.²⁴ A score of <93.8 indicates presence of aphasia; lower scores are consistent with more severe aphasia.

^***Improvement, decline, and stability defined by a three-point change in AQ, where change ≥3 was considered improvement, change ≤ 3 was considered a decline, and a less than three-point change in either direction was considered “stable.”³