Table 1.

Material properties of the brain substructures.

Substructure	Properties	Reference
Skull	E = 8000 MPa; ν = 0.22; ρ = 2070 kg/m3	McElhaney 1966
Cerebrospinal fluid/Ventricles	κ = 2.190 MPa; η = 0.001 Pa s; γ = 7.15; ρ = 1004 kg/m3	Goldsmith 1972
Subarachnoid Space	E = 9.85 MPa; ν = 0.45; ρ= 1133 kg/m3	Jin et al 2006
Gray Matter	G∞ = 385 Pa; g1 = 0.625; g2 = 0.05; g3 =0.182; τ1 =2 s; τ2 = 11 s; τ3 = 47.5 s	Lee et al. 2014
Thalamus	G∞ = 1.2 kPa; g1 = 0.8; τ1 = 0.0125 s	Mao et al. 2013
Caudate, Putameu	G∞ = 110 Pa; g1 = 0.61; g2 = 0.135; g3 = 0.103; τ1 = 1.45 s; τ2 = 10 s; τ3 = 110 s	Lee et al. 2014
White Matter	G∞ = 286 Pa; g1 = 0.81; τ1 = 0.00143 s	Velardi et al. 2006
Brain Stem	G∞ = 4.5 kPa; g1 = 0.8; τ1 = 0.0125 s	Zhang et al. 2001
Falx and Tentorium	E = 31.5 MPa; ν = 0.45; ρ =1133 kg/m3	Nahum et al. 1977
Common Properties	κ= 2.19 GPa; ρ = 1040 kg/m3