Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted association of COPD self-management behaviors with health literacy and cognition
| Medication Adherence | Correct use of Metered-Dose Inhaler | Correct use of Dry-Powder Inhaler | Regular COPD healthcare provider | Visit with Regular COPD healthcare provider in past 12 months | Influenza Vaccination | Pneumococcal Vaccination | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI), unadjusted adjusted | OR (95% CI), unadjusted adjusted | OR (95% CI), unadjusted adjusted | OR (95% CI), unadjusted adjusted | OR (95% CI), unadjusted adjusted | OR (95% CI), unadjusted adjusted | OR (95% CI), unadjusted adjusted | |
| Adequate Health Literacy | 1.71 (1.24, 2.37)† | 1.86 (1.30, 2.67)‡ | 2.05 (1.31, 3.22)† | 1.46 (0.99, 2.15) | 1.44 (0.84, 2.47) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.24) | 0.89 (0.58, 1.37) |
| 1.46 (1.02, 2.08)* | 1.66 (1.13, 2.44)† | 2.17 (1.30, 3.64)† | 1.13 (0.73, 1.76) | 1.26 (0.70, 2.25) | 0.85 (0.62, 1.18) | 1.01 (0.64, 1.60) | |
| Global cognitive ability | 1.63 (1.21, 2.19)† | 1.91 (1.41, 2.59)‡ | 1.80 (1.18, 2.75)† | 1.15 (0.83, 1.60) | 1.98 (1.21, 3.23)† | 1.09 (0.77, 1.54) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.54) |
| 1.31 (0.92, 1.85) | 1.75 (1.25, 2.47)† | 1.68 (1.05, 2.69)* | 0.88 (0.61, 1.28) | 1.15 (0.83, 1.60) | 0.98 (0.67, 1.43) | 1.17 (0.85, 1.62) | |
| Crystallized cognitive ability | 1.08 (0.81, 1.43) | 1.46 (1.07, 2.00)* | 0.96 (0.61, 1.50) | 1.06 (0.74, 1.52) | 1.34 (0.78, 2.30) | 1.31 (1.00, 1.71)* | 1.07 (0.77, 1.49) |
| 0.93 (0.67, 1.27) | 1.30 (0.93, 1.81) | 0.92 (0.58, 1.47) | 0.86 (0.58, 1.27) | 1.04 (0.58, 1.88) | 1.28 (0.96, 1.71) | 1.11 (0.79, 1.56) | |
| Fluid cognitive ability | 1.74 (1.44, 2.10)‡ | 1.53 (1.27, 1.84)‡ | 1.28 (1.00, 1.63)* | 1.30 (1.08, 1.58)† | 1.45 (1.11, 1.90)† | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.26) |
| 1.74 (1.37, 2.21)‡ | 1.59 (1.27, 1.98)‡ | 1.47 (1.08, 2.00)* | 1.12 (0.86, 1.46) | 1.42 (1.01, 1.99)* | 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.59) | |
| Executive Function | |||||||
| Trail Making Test A | 1.45 (0.97, 2.17) | 2.44 (1.72, 3.47)‡ | 1.79 (1.00, 3.21) | 1.65 (1.06, 2.56)* | 3.30 (1.88, 5.77)‡ | 1.08 (0.78, 1.50) | 1.00 (0.68, 1.47) |
| 1.35 (0.86, 2.12) | 2.37 (1.64, 3.42)‡ | 1.78 (0.98, 3.21) | 1.47 (0.91, 2.37) | 3.05 (1.69, 5.50) ‡ | 1.01 (0.67, 1.51) | 1.18 (0.71, 1.95) | |
| Trail Making Test B | 1.49 (1.03, 2.15)* | 2.10 (1.50, 2.96)‡ | 1.38 (0.84, 2.27) | 1.31 (0.89, 1.93) | 2.94 (1.72, 5.01)‡ | 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) | 0.71 (0.46, 1.10) |
| 1.21 (0.79, 1.86) | 1.91 (1.33, 2.76)‡ | 1.40 (0.80, 2.42) | 1.03 (0.67, 1.58) | 2.85 (1.47, 5.53)† | 0.90 (0.63, 1.26) | 0.80 (0.47, 1.34) | |
| Memory | |||||||
| NYU Paragraph Immediate | 1.17 (1.11, 1.23)‡ | 1.08 (1.03, 1.14)† | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16)* | 1.07 (1.00, 1.13)* | 1.02 (0.94, 1.12) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) |
| 1.14 (1.07, 1.21)‡ | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13)* | 1.09 (1.00, 1.19)* | 0.99 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11)* | |
| NYU Paragraph Delayed | 1.13 (1.08, 1.18)‡ | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15)‡ | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14)* | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13)* | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
| 1.11 (1.05, 1.17)‡ | 1.09 (1.03, 1.15)* | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17)* | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11)* | |
| Working memory | 1.68 (1.38, 2.04)‡ | 1.27 (1.03, 1.57)* | 1.28 (0.96, 1.70) | 1.32 (1.07, 1.64)* | 1.40 (1.05, 1.86)* | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.17) |
| 1.55 (1.23, 1.94)‡ | 1.18 (0.93, 1.48) | 1.24 (0.89, 1.72) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | 1.28 (0.90, 1.81) | 0.84 (0.65, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.24) | |
| Processing speed | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11)* | 1.11 (1.06, 1.16)‡ | 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13)† | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) |
| 1.06 (1.00, 1.12)* | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17)‡ | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13)* | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | |
Notes:
*
=p<0.05
†
p<0.01
‡
p<0.001