Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Aug 14;9:11814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48342-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

NK46 modified the gut microbiota composition in aged mice. (A) Effect on the number of sequences analyzed, operational taxonomic units (OTUs), abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE), Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson. (B) Effect on the fecal microbiota composition: phylum (a), class (b), family (c), and species (d). (C) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot. The plot shows the clustering pattern among control (Con), vehicle- (Ag), or NK46-treated aged mice (NK46) based on weighted pairwise Fast UniFrac analysis (n = 5). (D) Effect on the ratio of Enterobacteriaceae populations to bifidobacteria plus lactobacilli populations, assessed by the selective media BL and DHL agar plates (n = 6). (E) Effect on the fecal LPS levels. (F) Effect on the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a) and IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c), claudin-1 and COX-2 expression, and NF-κB activation (d) in the colon. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA and COX-2, claudin-1, p65, p-p65 were using immunoblotting. Test agent (Ag, vehicle alone; NK46, 1 × 10⁹ CFU/mouse/day) was orally administered for 1 month in aged mice. Control mice (Con) were treated with vehicle alone. All data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). ^#p < 0.05 vs. Con group. ^*p < 0.05 vs. Ag group.