Table 3. Comparison of demographic characteristics of patients between with and without retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy groups.
| Variables | Diabetic retinopathy, N (%)/median ± interquartile range | Diabetic neuropathy, N (%)/median ± interquartile range | Diabetic nephropathy, N (%)/median ± interquartile range | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Statistics | P | Yes | No | Statistics | P | Yes | No | Statistics | P | |||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 366 (16.1) | 1,904 (83.9) | 5.518 | 0.019 | 516 (22.7) | 1,754 (77.3) | 1.411 | 0.235 | 264 (11.6) | 2,006 (88.4) | 3.089 | 0.079 | ||
| Female | 417 (18.8) | 1,803 (81.2) | 538 (24.2) | 1,682 (75.8) | 222 (10.0) | 1,998 (90.0) | ||||||||
| Age | 66.0±12.0 | 63.0±13.0 | 7.174 | <0.001 | 65.0±13.0 | 64.0±13.0 | 4.232 | <0.001 | 66.0±10.0 | 64.0±13.0 | 3.237 | 0.001 | ||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 127 (18.0) | 579 (82.0) | 0.176 | 0.675 | 219 (31.0) | 487 (69.0) | 26.550 | <0.001 | 78 (11.1) | 628 (88.9) | 0.044 | 0.835 | ||
| No | 656 (17.3) | 3,128 (82.7) | 835 (22.0) | 2,949 (78.0) | 408 (10.8) | 3,376 (89.2) | ||||||||
| Drinking | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 64 (14.8) | 368 (85.2) | 2.286 | 0.131 | 112 (25.9) | 320 (74.1) | 1.599 | 0.206 | 61 (14.1) | 371 (85.9) | 5.381 | 0.020 | ||
| No | 719 (17.7) | 3,339 (82.3) | 942 (23.2) | 3,116 (76.8) | 425 (10.5) | 3,633 (89.5) | ||||||||
| BMI | 25.2±3.9 | 25.3±4.3 | −0.267 | 0.790 | 25.2±4.1 | 25.3±4.2 | −0.194 | 0.846 | 25.6±4.0 | 25.2±4.3 | 2.698 | 0.007 | ||
| Duration | 10.0±10.0 | 8.0±7.0 | 3.267 | 0.001 | 9.0±9.0 | 8.0±8.0 | 3.130 | 0.002 | 10.0±9.0 | 8.0±8.0 | 10.835 | <0.001 | ||
| Family history of T2DM | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 328 (18.4) | 1,451 (81.6) | 2.041 | 0.153 | 490 (27.5) | 1,289 (72.5) | 27.158 | <0.001 | 232 (13.0) | 1,547 (87.0) | 15.003 | 0.001 | ||
| No | 455 (16.8) | 2,256 (83.2) | 564 (20.8) | 2,147 (79.2) | 254 (9.4) | 2,457 (90.6) | ||||||||
| Insulin use | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 110 (24.9) | 332 (75.1) | 18.890 | <0.001 | 123 (27.8) | 319 (72.2) | 5.173 | 0.023 | 42 (9.5) | 400 (90.5) | 0.887 | 0.346 | ||
| No | 673 (16.6) | 3,375 (83.4) | 931 (23.0) | 3,117 (77.0) | 444 (11.0) | 3,604 (89.0) | ||||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 474 (26.7) | 1,301 (73.3) | 175.032 | <0.001 | 670 (37.8) | 1,105 (62.2) | 332.850 | <0.001 | 427 (24.1) | 1,348 (75.9) | 532.484 | <0.001 | ||
| No | 309 (11.4) | 2,406 (88.6) | 384 (14.1) | 2,331 (85.9) | 59 (2.2) | 2,656 (97.8) | ||||||||
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 275 (32.0) | 584 (68.0) | 156.730 | <0.001 | 324 (37.7) | 535 (62.3) | 119.969 | <0.001 | 486 (56.6) | 373 (43.3) | – | <0.001* | ||
| No | 508 (14.0) | 3,123 (86.0) | 730 (20.1) | 2,901 (79.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3,631 (100.0) | ||||||||
| Regular exercise | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 756 (17.2) | 3,630 (82.8) | 5.371 | 0.021 | 1,026 (23.4) | 3,360 (76.6) | 0.705 | 0.401 | 486 (11.1) | 3,900 (88.9) | – | <0.001* | ||
| No | 27 (26.0) | 77 (74.0) | 28 (26.9) | 76 (73.1) | 0 (0.0) | 104 (100.0) | ||||||||
*, P for Fisher exact probability.