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. 2019 Aug 8;11:177. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00177

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Copyright © 2019 Braidy, Zarka, Jugder, Welch, Jayasena, Chan, Sachdev and Bridge.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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GGC increases (A) the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (B) TNF-α, (C) IL-6 and (D) IL-β in isolated adult astrocytes. Significance *p < 0.05 compared to control non-treated cells. ^#p < 0.05 compared to control cells treated with oligomeric Aβ₄₀.