TABLE 2.

Neuropsychological test results at baseline and 7 days after surgery.

	Baseline			7 days after surgery
	POCD	Non-POCD	P-value	POCD	Non-POCD	P-value
Hopkins verbal learning test-revised	13.4 ± 3.3	14.2 ± 2.5	0.182	10.6 ± 3.5	12.3 ± 2.7	0.003∗∗
Brief visuospatial memory test-revised	6.2 ± 2.2	6.6 ± 2.0	0.291	4.3 ± 2.4	5.4 ± 2.3	0.011∗
Trail-making test (Parts A and B)#	310.5 ± 81.1	287.6 ± 74.4	0.104	395.9 ± 113.1	336.7 ± 87.7	0.002∗∗
Benton judgment of line orientation	15.9 ± 2.8	15.5 ± 2.5	0.334	12.6 ± 3.0	14.0 ± 2.5	0.01∗
Digit span test	16.1 ± 2.9	15.8 ± 3.2	0.696	13.5 ± 3.4	15.1 ± 3.2	0.06
Symbol-digit modalities test	17.9 ± 4.9	19.1 ± 4.7	0.167	15.7 ± 5.4	17.7 ± 4.6	0.03∗
HVLT-R delayed recall test	3.7 ± 1.4	4.0 ± 1.2	0.99	2.7 ± 1.9	3.1 ± 1.3	0.152
HVLT-R discrimination index	22.3 ± 1.3	22.1 ± 1.8	0.549	21.3 ± 2.3	21.8 ± 1.5	0.183
BVMT-R delayed recall test	2.8 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 1.3	0.365	2.0 ± 1.8	2.2 ± 1.3	0.535
BVMT-R discrimination index	11.2 ± 4.1	11 ± 1.1	0.74	10.2 ± 4.3	10.6 ± 1.3	0.52
Verbal fluency test	38.8 ± 8.8	42.4 ± 8.7	0.034∗	35.2 ± 9.4	38.1 ± 8.5	0.105

Continuous variables are reported as mean standard deviation, using the Student t-test or the Wilcoxon test appropriately. ^∗ p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^#In timed tasks, lower scores reflect better performance.