Table 3.
Associations between garlic consumption and cardiovascular and inflammatory outcomes
| Outcome | Author | Year | Type of allium vegetables | Dose | Population | Type of studies in MA | No. Of trials and participants in MA | Duration | Metric of MA | Units | Effects model | Effect size (95% CI) | I 2%a | Publication bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | Ried, K. | 2016 | Garlic (powder, extract, or oil) | Median: 900 mg/day (range 12.3–3,050) | Both normotensive and hypertensive participants | Interventional studies | 19; 908 | Median: 12 weeks (range 2–24) | WMD | mmHg | REM | −5.07 (−7.30, −2.85) | 71.0 | NR |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Ried, K. | 2016 | Garlic (powder, extract, or oil) | Median: 900 mg/day (range 12.3–3,050) | Both normotensive and hypertensive participants | Interventional studies | 20; 972 | Median: 12 weeks (range 2–24) | WMD | mmHg | REM | −2.48 (−4.07, −0.89) | 72.0 | NR |
| Systolic blood pressure | Ried, K. | 2016 | Garlic (powder, extract, or oil) | Median: 900 mg/day (range 12.3–3,050) | Hypertensive participants | Interventional studies | 10; 468 | Median: 12 weeks (range 2–24) | WMD | mmHg | REM | −8.35 (−10.58, −6.11) | 48.0 | NR |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Rohner, A., et al | 2015 | Garlic (powder, extract) | Median: 600 mg/day (range 188–960) | Hypertensive participants | Interventional studies | 9; 482 | Median: 12 weeks (range 8–26) | WMD | mmHg | REM | −3.82 (−6.69, −0.96) | 80.0 | Noneb |
| Systolic blood pressure | Ried, K. | 2016 | Garlic (powder, extract, or oil) | Median: 900 mg/day (range 12.3–3,050) | Normotensive participants | Interventional studies | 11; 468 | Median: 12 weeks (range 2–24) | WMD | mmHg | REM | −1.50 (−3.40, 0.40) | NR | NR |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Ried, K. | 2016 | Garlic (powder, extract, or oil) | Median: 900 mg/day (range 12.3–3,050) | Normotensive participants | Interventional studies | 14; 641 | Median: 12 weeks (range 2–24) | WMD | mmHg | REM | −0.40 (−1.60, 0.80) | NR | NR |
| C‐reactive protein level | Taghizadeh, M., et al | 2018 | Garlic and garlic supplement | Median: 2,100 mg/day (range 250–3,600) | Healthy participants or patients of diabetes and coronary artery disease | Interventional studies | 9; 348 | Median: 12 weeks (range 2–48) | WMD | mg/L | REM | −0.80 (−1.50, −0.10) | 98.0 | 0.34c |
95% CI, 95% confidence intervals; MA, meta‐analysis; NR, not reported; REM, random effects model; WMD, weighted mean differences.
a
Heterogeneity was assessed with I 2 statistic.
b
Assessed by funnel chart.
c
Assessed by Egger's regression test.