Table 2.
Fluid content, blood flow, cardiac function, and circulatory function at baseline and at study end in the two groups
| Variable | Placebo (n = 15) | Dapagliflozin (n = 15) | p* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | Change | p | Baseline | 12 weeks | Change | p | ||
| HR (beats/min) | 68.6 (67.4; 78.3) | 72.4 (66.9; 76.3) | − 0.9 (− 4.4; 5.0) | 0.91 | 66.3 (61.1; 79.6) | 69.6 (64.1; 81.2) | 2.0 (− 3.1; 4.6) | 0.39 | 0.53 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.0 (118.9; 135.6) | 126.0 (118.1; 136.7) | 2.47 (− 9.3; 6.0) | 0.84 | 141.9 (133.4; 152.7) | 136.3 (130.1; 147.3) | − 7.40 (− 8.9; 1.5) | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.1 (71.8; 81.4) | 77.7 (73.9; 82.1) | 2.3 (− 2.4; 4.6) | 0.31 | 81.9 (75.4; 87.5) | 82.0 (75.4; 84.7) | − 2.6 (− 3.8; 4.6) | 0.91 | 0.32 |
| SV (mL) | 98.9 (72.3; 113.6) | 85.7 (78.9; 100.8) | − 2.1 (− 16.6; 7.0) | 0.33 | 94.8 (81.2; 104.0) | 84.8 (70.3; 109.9) | − 7.8 (− 16.6; 14.4) | 0.50 | 0.92 |
| SI (mL/m2) | 48.0 (36.7; 51.7) | 42.9 (39.3; 44.7) | − 1.2 (− 8.2; 3.4) | 0.43 | 47.1 (38.7; 56.3) | 46.6 (39.2; 53.1) | − 3.3 (− 8.2; 7.4) | 0.61 | 0.76 |
| CO (L/min) | 6.63 (5.42; 7.97) | 6.31 (4.71; 7.98) | − 0.45 (− 0.79; 0.58) | 0.46 | 6.94 (5.62; 7.81) | 5.98 (5.52; 7.81) | − 0.49 (− 0.85; 1.06) | 0.87 | 0.49 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 3.33 (2.86; 3.62) | 3.28 (2.47; 3.54) | − 0.21 (− 0.38; 0.29) | 0.50 | 3.49 (2.86; 3.79) | 3.45 (2.98; 3.66) | − 0.23 (− 0.37; 0.55) | 0.82 | 0.52 |
| EF (%) | 65.6 (60.8; 69.0) | 65.8 (62.3; 67.8) | 0.6 (− 1.3; 4.4) | 0.26 | 66.9 (61.5; 69.9) | 65.6 (60.4; 69.6) | − 0.3 (− 4.4; 2.8) | 0.43 | 0.19 |
| AI (/100/s2) | 47.6 (30.8; 53.6) | 43.1 (36.1; 50.9) | − 0.1 (− 5.8; 4.2) | 0.65 | 55.6 (39.8; 70.9) | 58.6 (41.2; 65.4) | − 2.9 (− 10.2; 5.4) | 0.39 | 0.85 |
| VI (/1000/s) | 33.1 (25.6; 42.4) | 29.9 (25.7; 40.5) | − 4.1 (− 6.4; 2.4) | 0.17 | 42.1 (35.4; 45.9) | 43.6 (31.6; 49.0) | 1.7 (− 3.0; 4.7) | 0.69 | 0.18 |
| STR | 0.29 (0.24; 0.37) | 0.28 (0.25; 0.34) | − 0.01 (− 0.07; 0.02) | 0.22 | 0.27 (0.22; 0.35) | 0.29 (0.23; 0.37) | 0.00 (− 0.05; 0.07) | 0.43 | 0.18 |
| LVET (ms) | 322.9 (311.7; 347.1) | 330.0 (300.0; 364.8) | 6.6 (− 10.4; 24.9) | 0.57 | 337.0 (294.6; 376.6) | 324.3 (298.8; 359.2) | 1.8 (− 31.2; 17.4) | 0.91 | 0.72 |
| LCW (kg/min) | 7.09 (6.18; 9.74) | 6.71 (5.59; 9.50) | − 0.16 (− 0.48; 0.52) | 0.89 | 9.30 (6.57; 9.82) | 7.50 (6.54; 9.68) | 0.44 (− 0.92; 1.05) | 0.96 | 0.85 |
| LCWI (kg × min × m−2) | 3.66 (3.20; 4.37) | 3.53 (2.90; 4.32) | − 0.08 (− 0.22; 0.26) | 0.98 | 4.48 (3.37; 4.58) | 4.12 (3.49; 4.93) | 0.23 (− 0.45; 0.57) | 0.82 | 0.77 |
| SVR (dyne × s × cm−5) | 924.0 (878.9; 1326.9) | 1030.9 (904.3; 1374.6) | 109.7 (− 76.6; 185.0) | 0.36 | 1116.0 (965.8; 1358.8) | 1157.3 (962.1; 1394.8) | 81.1 (− 190.5; 174.4) | 0.96 | 0.60 |
| SVRI (dyne × s × cm−5 × m−2) | 2051.9 (1770.6; 2581.4) | 2119.0 (1887.7; 2672.8) | 151.7 (− 150.86; 391.7) | 0.39 | 2162.1 (1953.4; 2494.4) | 2037.5 (1971.8; 2557.1) | 150.7 (− 437.4; 310.5) | 0.61 | 0.58 |
| TFC (k/Ohm) | 33.4 (29.0; 37.3) | 29.9 (27.7; 34.9) | − 0.86 (− 3.5; 0.6) | 0.16 | 31.4 (28.9; 35.1) | 31.6 (29.4; 36.3) | − 0.8 (− 1.6; 1.6) | 0.82 | 0.47 |
| TFCI (k/Ohm/m2) | 15.2 (13.5; 17.9) | 14.5 (12.8; 17.7) | − 0.3 (− 1.0; 0.2) | 0.28 | 15.7 (14.9; 17.6) | 15.6 (14.8; 18.1) | 0.0 (− 0.5; 0.4) | 0.86 | 0.35 |
| TAC (mL/mmHg) | 2.19 (1.65; 2.31) | 1.83 (1.38; 2.65) | 0.00 (− 0.39; 0.29) | 0.70 | 1.95 (1.2; 2.22) | 1.60 (1.19; 2.22) | 0.00 (− 0.20; 0.19) | 1.00 | 0.95 |
| TACI (mL/mmHg/m2) | 1.03 (0.78; 1.07) | 0.91 (0.71; 1.17) | 0.00 (− 0.18; 0.16) | 0.84 | 0.97 (0.72; 1.06) | 0.80 (0.68; 1.07) | 0.00 (− 0.09; 0.11) | 0.88 | 0.97 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range)
* p-values of comparison between changes observed in dapagliflozin group versus those in placebo group