Table 3.

ANOVA of total hemorrhage area, hemorrhage lesion number, maximum hemorrhage area, total exudation area, exudation lesion number, and maximum exudation area among different DR stages

Index	Frequency	Lesion area or number (−x ± s)	F	P
Total hemorrhage area			16.034	< 0.001
aGroup 1	39	921.05 ± 1319.560
aGroup 2	29	15,218.59 ± 17,031.178
aGroup 3	23	16,479.22 ± 15,613.505
Hemorrhage lesion number			37.100	< 0.001
Group 1	39	3.26 ± 2.702
Group 2	29	26.62 ± 17.551
Group 3	23	11.35 ± 9.384
Maximum hemorrhage area			17.146	< 0.001
Group 1	39	636.03 ± 1021.743
Group 2	29	3595.55 ± 3211.929
Group 3	23	7133.70 ± 7550.703
Total exudation area			10.553	0.001
Group 1	39	1496.46 ± 2699.786
Group 2	29	6589.90 ± 10,347.651
Group 3	23	15,062.87 ± 18,862.476
Exudation lesion number			5.552	0.005
Group 1	39	6.00 ± 10.665
Group 2	29	20.66 ± 26.203
Group 3	23	11.96 ± 14.729
Maximum exudation area			15.256	< 0.001
Group 1	39	578.87 ± 1363.809
Group 2	29	1622.69 ± 3186.810
Group 3	23	7084.78 ± 8306.680

^a Group 1, mild NPDR and moderate NPDR; group 2, severe NPDR; group 3, PDR