Figure 1.

Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) induces anxiety and depression-like phenotype in mice. (A) Representation of the timeline of the experiments, which shows the stress paradigm and the behavior tests conducted. (B) The movement tracks of both control and defeated C57BL/6 mouse in presence and absence of target CD1 mouse are shown, where control mouse spends more time in the interaction zone in presence of the target, while stressed mouse spends significantly lesser time. (C) Interaction ratio is calculated for mice from both the groups in percentage, which is ratio of time spent in the interaction zone in presence of a target to the total time spent in the interaction zone (in presence + in absence), and the average is being plotted, n = 9 mice in each group, two-sample t-test, p = 0.011, data represented as Mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). (D) Percentage sucrose consumption is calculated daily for every mouse and daily average consumption for both the groups is plotted, n = 12 mice in each group, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, p = 0.0002, 0.0002, <0.0001 and 0.0003, respectively, data represented as Mean ± SEM. (E) Percentage of time spent in open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM) for both the groups, which is the ratio of time in the open arms to the total time (300 s) of the test and the average is being plotted. n = 10 mice in each group, two-sample t-test, p = 0.0001, data represented as Mean ± SEM. *p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.