TABLE 1.
Top 10 upregulated and downregulated genes in persistently HPV16-infected cervical rafts, foreskin rafts, and tonsil raftsa
| Top regulated gene | FC | Function(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Genes in HPV16-infected cervix rafts | ||
| Upregulated | ||
| MT1G | 12.03 | Heavy metal binding protein containing high no. of cysteine residues |
| MT1H | 7.7 | Heavy metal binding protein containing high no. of cysteine residues |
| TGFβR3 | 7.3 | Presents TGF-β to its receptor |
| KLHL35 | 5.81 | Kelch-like family of proteins |
| DLK2 | 5.1 | Adipogenesis |
| FBLN1 | 5.1 | Cell adhesion, migration |
| ASS1 | 4.45 | Urea cycle |
| GPER | 4.45 | Rapid estrogen signaling |
| TDRD9 | 4.4 | RNA helicase |
| TWIST1 | 4.21 | Transcriptional regulator |
| Downregulated | ||
| RPTN | −57.5 | Cornified cell envelope formation |
| SERPINB4 | −48.01 | Immune response |
| TCN1 | −34.74 | Binds vitamin B12 |
| CST6 | −27.8 | Inhibits cathepsin B |
| KLK8 | −25.8 | Peptidase |
| CEACAM6 | −24.5 | Cell adhesion |
| KLK6 | −22.1 | Peptidase |
| KLK13 | −21.5 | Peptidase |
| RNASE7 | −20.1 | Antimicrobial activity |
| PRSS3 | −20 | Defensin processing |
| Genes in HPV16-infected foreskin rafts | ||
| Upregulated | ||
| CA9 | 8.1 | pH regulation |
| NEFH | 7.7 | Neurofilament |
| DKN2A | 7.64 | Inhibits cell proliferation |
| TPM1 | 6.45 | Binds actin |
| LOX | 5.84 | ECM cross-linking |
| KLHL35 | 5.7 | Kelch-like family |
| BAIAP2L2 | 5.12 | Binds phosphoinositide |
| SPRR3 | 4.72 | Proline-rich protein |
| KCNS1 | 4.65 | Ion channel |
| ALDOC | 4.5 | Glycolysis |
| Downregulated | ||
| KRT2 | −71.05 | Keratinocyte activation |
| MX1 | −50.3 | Antiviral activity |
| HSPB8 | −50.01 | Chaperone |
| IFI27 | −49.51 | Promotes cell death |
| LCE3C | −26.16 | Formation of cornified envelope |
| DEFB4 | −22.5 | Antibacterial activity |
| OAS2 | −21.23 | Antiviral enzyme |
| IFIT1 | −14.74 | Antiviral RNA binding protein |
| IFI6 | −14.64 | Interferon inducible |
| AADAC | −12.26 | Hydrolase, lipase |
| Genes in HPV16-infected tonsil rafts | ||
| Upregulated | ||
| ARHGAP15 | 4.6 | Activates GTPase |
| PITX2 | 3.12 | Cell proliferation |
| ENO2 | 3.1 | Cell survival |
| KLHL35 | 3 | Kelch-like family |
| GSTT2 | 2.4 | Glutathione synthesis |
| TDRD9 | 2.32 | RNA helicase |
| NMU | 2.23 | Muscle contraction |
| GOLGA8B | 2.2 | Golgi structure |
| CENPQ | 2.12 | Centromere protein |
| E2F2 | 2 | Transcription activator |
| Downregulated | ||
| SAA1 | −4.8 | Serum amyloid |
| TRNP1 | −3.3 | Cell cycle |
| LPXN | −2.91 | Cell adhesion |
| CTGF | −2.8 | Differentiation |
| THBS2 | −2.61 | ECM interactions |
| LAMC2 | −2.6 | Attachment, cell organization |
| ANKRD38 | −2.5 | Cytoskeletal formation |
| SH3KBP1 | −2.4 | Lysosomal degradation |
| SNCG | −2.4 | Keratin network |
| SAA4 | −2.34 | Serum amyloid |
a
FC, microarray fold change.