Fig. 5.

Effect of methyxanthines on stress resistant genes. A, higher concentrations of methylxanthines increased sod-3 expression in CF1553. B, hsp:GFP was suppressed by methylxanthines. C, methylxanthine treatment increased gst-4 expression in mutant CL2166. D, methylxanthine treatment increased gcs-1 expression in LD1171. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Experiments were carried out at least three times, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001, and compared to the untreated control by one-way ANOVA following Dunnett. E, expression of candidate genes. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and a two-tailed Student’s test were used to analyze the results. Data are presented as mean ± SD.