Table 5.

Comparison of the means of the total dimension scores of respondents, based on countries of origin.

Dimension	A		B		C		D		Sig	P-value
	Kuwaiti/Gulf States		Arabian		Asian		Other
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Total score for patient safety culture	139.41	±23.092	145.69	±18.609	149.23	±15.309	156.12	±13.467	A< B	0.00
									A < C
									A < D
									B < D
Teamwork within units	17a	3b	16a	3b	17a	2b	18a	2b	A < D	0.002c
									B < D
									C < D
Supervisor/Manager expectations & actions promoting patient safety	14.70	±3.370	14.59	±2.855	14.72	±2.536	16.08	±2.290	–	0.106
Organizational learning—continuous improvement	11.60	±2.268	11.87	±1.854	12.48	±1.612	12.60	±1.354	A < C	0.00
									B < C
Management support for patient safety	9.39	±2.845	10.90	±2.123	11.03	±2.070	11.84	±1.951	A < B	0.00
									A < C
									A < D
Overall perceptions of patient safety	13.03	±3.076	13.66	±2.557	13.21	±2.262	12.76	±1.640	–	0.072
Error-related feedback & communication	12a	4b	11a	3b	12a	3b	13a	3b	A < C	0.00c
									A < D
									B <C
									B < D
Communication and openness	10.53	±2.702	10.25	±3.135	9.46	±2.722	9.36	±2.099	A > C	0.00
									B > C
Frequency of events reported	12a	7b	14a	6b	16a	9b	18a	7b	A < C	0.00c
									A < D
									B< C
Teamwork across units	12.46	±3.281	13.26	±3.223	13.56	±2.611	14.56	±2.364	A < C	0.00
									A < D
Staffing	9.87	±2.950	10.21	±2.923	10.38	±2.580	10.28	±3.062	–	0.255
Handoffs & transitions	10.44	±3.817	12.37	±3.907	13.96	±3.656	13.96	±3.769	A< B	0.00
									A < C
									A < D
									B < C
Non-punitive responses to errors	7.71	±2.614	7.65	±2.296	7.58	±2.045	8.28	±2.894	–	0.574

SigGroups with a significant difference in means of scores.

^aMedian (Mdn).

^bInterquartile Range (IR).

^cKruskal Wallis test.